Discover the life of William Caxton and his pioneering role in bringing the printing press to England. Learn about his strategic business moves, printing ventures, and how he built on Chaucer's literary legacy. Explore the evolution of printing business post-Caxton era and the impact of print on communication methods and authority of written words.
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Quick takeaways
William Caxton revolutionized English book production by introducing the printing press to Westminster in 1476.
Caxton's strategic business decisions and adaptability led to financial success in the printing industry.
Deep dives
Printing Revolution in England: William Caxton's Influence
William Caxton, the first English printer, established the printing press in Westminster in 1476, introducing the phenomenon of print to England. Prior to this, manuscripts were prevalent. Caxton's introduction of the printing press revolutionized the production of books, impacting literary tastes, libraries, and the English language. He was influenced by the developments in printing technology from Germany and focused on bringing a variety of books, from classical works to educational materials, to the English market.
Caxton's Business Ventures and Patronage
William Caxton, a successful merchant and diplomat, engaged in various business ventures before becoming a printer in his middle age. He maintained a strong financial position, attracting patronage from influential figures like Margaret of York, the Duchess of Burgundy. His strategic shift to printing in Cologne and later in Bruges and Westminster showcased his entrepreneurial spirit and adaptability to new opportunities and markets.
Impact on Book Production and Literacy
The introduction of the printing press by William Caxton not only standardized English books but also revolutionized the book production process. Caxton's publications, ranging from courtly romances to historical texts, broadened access to written materials, reshaping libraries and literacy standards. The printing press enabled the dissemination of knowledge on a larger scale, challenging traditional handwritten manuscripts and contributing to the expansion of literary culture.
Caxton's Legacy in Shaping English Language and Cultural Development
William Caxton's role in early English printing profoundly influenced the standardization and accessibility of written materials in England. While manuscripts continued to hold prestige, Caxton's printed works played a pivotal role in disseminating English literature and language, establishing Chaucer as a seminal English writer. His emphasis on publishing diverse genres, from poetry to educational texts, contributed to shaping the cultural landscape and literary heritage of England.
Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the life and influence of William Caxton, the merchant who brought the printing press to the British Isles. After spending several years working as a printer in Bruges, Caxton returned to London and in 1476 set up his first printing press in Westminster, and also imported and sold other printed books. Caxton concentrated on producing popular books that he knew would sell, such as Chaucer's 'Canterbury Tales' and small liturgical 'books of hours'. The standard of Caxton's printing may have lagged behind that on the continent, but he was a skilful businessman and unusually for printers at the time, he managed not to go bankrupt. The advent of print is now seen as one of the great revolutions in intellectual history - although many scholars believe it was a revolution that took many generations to have an effect.
With:
Richard Gameson
Professor of the History of the Book at the University of Durham
Julia Boffey
Professor of Medieval Studies in the English Department at Queen Mary, University of London
David Rundle
Member of the History Faculty at the University of Oxford
Producer: Natalia Fernandez.
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