Mind & Life

We launch our second season featuring a conversation with psychologist, neuroscientist, and emotion researcher Lisa Feldman Barrett. She and Wendy discuss a broad range of topics about the mind, including: her unexpected path into studying emotions; how our brains construct and predict our reality; the brain's essential role in regulating the body; emotions as interpretations of our bodily state; how our past shapes and filters our present experience; the difference between affective feelings (mood) and emotions; our capacity to influence our own emotions; deconstructing our experience through mindfulness; how to improve our emotional lives; connections with Buddhist theories of mind; implications for our understanding of the self; how we regulate not only our own, but others' nervous systems; and how stress and modernity might lead to clinging to entrenched views. Full show notes and resources

As 2020 draws to a close, Wendy speaks with Buddhist teacher, author, and psychologist Jack Kornfield in a special episode. Their conversation covers a wide range of topics, including: how he's interpreting our current moment, and what's needed most; his path into Buddhism & psychology, reflecting on family and coming of age in the 1960s; the value of going on a meditation retreat; links between Buddhism and psychology in terms of healing and self; the problem of spiritual bypassing; how to work with difficulties through allowing and gratitude; the role of Buddhist ideas in activism and social justice work; and the most important thing researchers can measure as an outcome of meditation practice. Full show notes and resources

In this bonus episode, Wendy speaks with psychologist and contemplative researcher Adam Hanley. Adam studies mindfulness-based interventions for addiction and pain, seeking to understand how they work, and how they can best be applied in these populations. In this conversation they discuss: how he became a contemplative scientist; automaticity, habits, and addiction; his research showing how mindfulness may help us de-automatize our thought processes, and stay more in the present; self-transcendence and how he's beginning to study it; and the importance of understanding the nature of self, and moving beyond egocentric views, as we seek to build a healthier society. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with anthropologist and neuroscientist Andreas Roepstorff. Andreas has been a pioneer in integrating these two approaches, examining how social context impacts the mind and brain. Their conversation covers a range of topics, including: navigating academic training in two disciplines, and how he bridges the different perspectives of neuroscience and anthropology; how being a research subject changed his view of subjective experience; intersubjectivity, and his work to bring together first- and third-person perspectives; research on fire-walking; meditation and microphenomenology; studying playfulness; predictive models of mind; the power of mindfulness to help with rumination; and the importance of exploring how two minds can process and respond differently to the same experience. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with philosopher of mind Evan Thompson about embodied cognition and contemplative science. Evan is one of the earliest contributors to advancing the dialogue between Buddhism and Western science through his work with Mind & Life co-founder Francisco Varela, and he's spent decades exploring how the human mind extends beyond the brain, throughout the body and into the world. In this conversation, they discuss: his unique upbringing and educational path; his work with Francisco Varela and the beginnings of the conversation between Buddhism and cognitive science; why philosophy matters; the project of neurophenomenology and the integration of first- and third-person methods; the problem of neurocentrism; 4E cognition (that mind is embodied, embedded, extended, and enacted); the “self” as construction vs. illusion; how predictive models of mind line up with the enactive view; whether or not meditation is a special avenue to reveal the nature of the mind; the need for more thought systems and religions at the table in contemplative science; and why it's critical today to understand the human mind in nuanced ways. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with clinical psychologist Doris Chang about her work on race, ethnicity, culture, and other dimensions of social identity as they shape psychological experience and mental health treatment. They discuss a number of topics, including: Critical Consciousness as the ability to recognize and analyze systems of inequality, and the commitment to take action against these systems; that race is a social construct, not a biological fact; the impact of race on measures of well-being and health; how she brings critical consciousness into the classroom, and how it unfolds with students; the role of contemplative practice in becoming aware of systems of oppression; her research on these training programs; where contemplative science needs to go next, and other topics. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with neuroscientist, psychologist, and director of the Center for Healthy Minds, Richard (Richie) Davidson. Richie is one of the founders of contemplative science, and shares his perspective on the past, present, and future of the field. Their conversation covers many topics, including: his early interest in the mind and experiences with meditation; the beginnings of meditation research, and a challenge from the Dalai Lama; what we know (and don't know) about how meditation changes the brain; how investigating the self can lead to resilience; current challenges to the field of contemplative science; the need for research on analytic meditation; negative findings and publication bias; promises and pitfalls of research on psychedelics; the value of training well-being, and other topics. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with anthropologist Tanya Luhrmann about how practices embedded in social realities change our minds and our experiences. They discuss: her research on unusual spiritual experiences (voices, visions); her work with magic practitioners and evangelical Christian communities; the boundary between reality and imagination; local theory of mind; the psychological constructs of absorption and porosity, and how they relate to these spiritual experiences; how mental training and mindfulness affect the way we relate to our thoughts; the impacts of a relationship with the divine for self and society, and other topics. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with cognitive and contemplative neuroscientist Amishi Jha about using mindfulness to train attention, and its usefulness particularly in high-stress situations. They cover many topics, including: her own experience of high stress and how that brought her to contemplative practice; her research on how mindfulness can train attention and working memory; the relationship between attention and stress; bringing mindfulness to military populations; the pros and cons of a wandering mind; mindfulness during COVID; the state of contemplative science, and current issues around gender and racial diversity. Full show notes and resources

In this episode, Wendy speaks with law professor and civil rights expert john a. powell about his work at the intersection of social justice and spirituality. This conversation was recorded during the 2019 Summer Research Institute. They discuss a wide range of topics, including: the problem of othering; the roots of whiteness; recent changes in the world and how we react to them; how our minds create mental schemas; implicit bias and how to change it; the importance of narrative and bridging stories, and the role of leadership; the self as a construction; spirituality and interconnection; the roles of science and religion in society; identity politics, and more. Full show notes and resources