Holly Berkley Fletcher, a former Senior Africa Analyst at the CIA and a Sudan conflict expert, sheds light on the tragic war in Sudan. She discusses the initial optimism that followed Omar al-Bashir's ousting in 2019 and the ensuing power struggles among military factions. The episode delves into the severe humanitarian crisis, the dynamics of regional powers like the UAE and Egypt, and how civilians continue to resist amidst chaos. Fletcher also critiques U.S. mediation efforts, emphasizing the need for more attention to the plight of Sudanese refugees.