The decline of rhetoric in education has resulted in a loss of shared skills in making and discerning arguments, leading to a degradation of public conversation.
A strong argument needs to establish the truth of the main claim and demonstrate its importance, while tailoring it to the audience's interests and values to enhance its impact and make it more relatable.
Deep dives
The Importance of Debating and Rhetoric in Education
Debating and rhetoric were once integral parts of education, as they taught valuable skills of self-governance and communication. This tradition has roots in ancient Greek and Eastern cultures, and it was prevalent in many parliamentary democracies. However, the decline of rhetoric in education has led to a loss of shared skills in making and discerning arguments, resulting in a degradation of public conversation.
Key Insights from Competitive Debate
Competitive debate involves two sides arguing for and against a topic. A debate round typically lasts about an hour, and adjudicators evaluate the persuasiveness of the arguments and presentation. Advance preparation, research, and evidence play important roles in constructing a strong argument. Proportionality, personality, and panache are three key principles of rhetoric that can enhance the delivery and impact of an argument.
Constructing a Strong Argument
A strong argument needs to establish the truth of the main claim and demonstrate its importance. Providing evidence, examples, and reasoning helps support the claim's truthfulness. Additionally, explaining why the argument's main point is important and justifies the desired conclusion is crucial. Tailoring the argument to the audience's interests and values can enhance its impact and make it more relatable.
Effective Rebuttal and Knowing When to Argue
Rebutting arguments effectively involves focusing on critiquing the truthfulness or supporting evidence of the opposing claims. It is important to avoid general contradictions and instead provide specific counterarguments. Additionally, highlighting flaws in the opposing argument is only half the battle; presenting a counterclaim that offers an alternative or better solution is crucial. Moreover, knowing when to engage in an argument requires considering whether it is a genuine disagreement, if it is important enough to justify the disagreement, if it is specific enough, and whether both sides are aligned in their objectives.
Whenever you get into an argument, whether you're discussing politics with a colleague or the distribution of chores with your spouse, you likely feel like you're floundering. You feel worked up, but you don't feel like you're getting your point across, much less convincing the other person of it, and the conversation simply goes in circles. You can feel like a rank amateur at arguing.
Maybe what you need are some pro tips from someone who's spent his life arguing competitively. Enter my guest: Bo Seo. Bo is a two-time world champion debater, a former coach of the Australian national debating team and the Harvard College Debating Union, and the author of Good Arguments: How Debate Teaches Us to Listen and Be Heard. Today on the show, Bo and I discuss why learning the art of rhetoric and debate was once an integral part of education in the West, why the subject disappeared from schools, and the loss this has represented for society. We then turn to the lessons Bo's taken from his debating career that you can apply to your own everyday arguments, whether big or small. Bo explains why it's important to establish what an argument is really about before you start into it, and shares a rubric for homing in on which of three types of disagreements may be at the core of a conflict. He then explains two things a strong argument has to do, and four questions to ask yourself to see if you’ve met these requirements. Bo also unpacks his three P's for creating persuasive rhetoric and how to effectively rebut someone else’s claims. We end our conversation with how to determine when it’s worth getting into a particular argument and when it's better to walk away.