Understanding Inborn Errors of Immunity

Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) encompass a spectrum of genetic disorders that affect the immune system, leading to susceptibility to infections, autoimmune conditions, and other health issues. These disorders can be particularly challenging for rheumatologists to identify since their clinical symptoms often overlap with rheumatic diseases, resulting in potential misdiagnosis. The evolving terminology surrounding IEIs complicates understanding, as many conditions previously classified as 'primary immunodeficiencies' may actually be influenced by genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors, leading to the emergence of symptoms later in life. Recognizing the complexities of IEIs necessitates a collaborative approach between rheumatologists and immunologists to adequately diagnose and manage affected patients.