Maria Theresa, Queen of Austria, transformed the country into a formidable power. She faced challenges from neighboring countries but implemented political reforms, formed alliances, and protected the religious interests of her Catholic subjects. Her strategic marriages for her children showcased her determination to control every aspect of their lives. The marriage of Maria Antoinette to the Dauphin of France was a diplomatic triumph. Maria Theresa's legacy includes her intrusive and meddling nature as a ruler, unintended consequences of her interventions, and her implementation of enlightened policies.
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Quick takeaways
Maria Theresa successfully defends her inheritance and stabilizes the Habsburg monarchy through strategic marriages and holding her ground in wars.
Maria Theresa employs iconography and pageantry to project power and consolidate her rule, using Schönbrunn palace as a symbol of her taste and the unity of the empire.
Deep dives
Maria Theresa defends her inheritance and stabilizes the Habsburg monarchy
Maria Theresa successfully defends her inheritance and stabilizes the Habsburg monarchy during her reign. Despite facing challenges after inheriting the throne, she manages to hold her ground in wars and rebuilds the dynasty through strategic marriages.
Maria Theresa's use of iconography and pageantry
Maria Theresa employs iconography and pageantry to project power and consolidate her rule. She transforms the hunting lodge of Schönbrunn into a magnificent palace, using it to showcase her taste and symbolism of power. Her image is used to affirm the unity of the empire and her engagement in favor of the Catholic Church.
Maria Theresa's role as a traditional dynastic ruler and moderate reformer
Maria Theresa remains a traditional dynastic ruler who values the importance of marriage alliances and rebuilding the Habsburg dynasty. However, she also initiates moderate reforms in areas such as education and military organization. While not an enlightened monarch like her son Joseph II, she shows an awareness of the need for some reforms.
Maria Theresa's legacy of interference and control
Maria Theresa leaves a legacy of an intrusive and meddling state. She involves herself in numerous aspects of her subjects' lives, often without adequate knowledge or restraint. This legacy contributes to the expansion of bureaucracy, but also demonstrates her belief in government's role in promoting welfare and public order.
Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss Maria Theresa (1717-1780) who inherited the Austrian throne in 1740 at the age of 23. Her neighbours circled like wolves and, within two months, Frederick the Great had seized one of her most prized lands, Silesia, exploiting her vulnerability. Yet over the next forty years through political reforms, alliances and marriages, she built Austria up into a formidable power, and she would do whatever it took to save the souls of her Catholic subjects, with a rigidity and intolerance that Joseph II, her son and heir, could not wait to challenge.
With
Catriona Seth
Marshal Foch Professor of French Literature at the University of Oxford
Martyn Rady
Professor of Central European History at University College London
And
Thomas Biskup
Lecturer in Early Modern History at the University of Hull
Producer: Simon Tillotson
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