Lawfare Daily: Lies and Rumors After Hurricanes Helene and Milton
Oct 11, 2024
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Kate Starbird, co-founder of the University of Washington’s Center for an Informed Public, dives into the chaos of misinformation following Hurricanes Helene and Milton. She discusses the alarming rise of online rumors and conspiracy theories, elaborating on how social media dynamics complicate fact-checking. Starbird emphasizes the impact of misinformation on public trust, particularly concerning organizations like FEMA. The conversation also touches on the manipulation of media narratives and the psychological factors driving the spread of false information during crises.
The spread of misinformation post-hurricanes, fueled by social media and influencers, complicates effective emergency responses and increases public distrust.
Experts stress that effective communication and community engagement are crucial for countering rumors and maintaining trust in disaster response efforts.
Deep dives
The Surge of Disinformation During Crises
The recent hurricanes have triggered a significant increase in the spread of misinformation and conspiracy theories, particularly notable with Hurricanes Helene and Milton. This disinformation often emerges from various social media platforms, which amplify rumors and false narratives as people struggle to understand the disaster's impact. Influencers and partisan media outlets exploit fears and uncertainties following these events, leading to the rapid propagation of outrageous claims and misleading information regarding disaster response efforts. As a researcher emphasizes, the current information environment has evolved into a fragmented and less transparent space, making it challenging to assess and counteract the disinformation effectively.
Impact of Social Media Dynamics on Public Perception
The dynamics of social media platforms have become a powerful force in shaping public perception during crises, often sidelining authoritative information sources. Partisan media outlets and influencers contribute to the spread of disinformation, creating an environment where conspiracy theories gain traction. Historical examples, such as the manipulation of facts surrounding Hurricane Sandy, show how certain individuals exploit crises for personal gain. These actions contribute to a growing distrust in legitimate institutions, further complicating formal responses to disasters like hurricanes.
Challenges to Emergency Response Due to Misinformation
Misinformation poses severe challenges to effective emergency response as organizations like FEMA face heightened scrutiny and skepticism from the public. The spread of false information leads to increased work for responders, diverting their focus from crucial assistance tasks to debunking rumors and ensuring public safety. Reports indicate that emergency personnel have experienced death threats and hostility fueled by paranoia and conspiracy theories, which hampers their ability to carry out essential operations in disaster-affected areas. Consequently, the response to crises can be significantly delayed or hindered by the compounded effects of misinformation.
Communicative Strategies for Managing Misinformation
Effective communication strategies are essential for managing the flow of misinformation during crisis events while addressing public confusion and fear. Experts recommend that emergency communicators engage with communities through dialogue, acknowledging the fears driving rumors, and correcting misinformation collaboratively and sensitively. They advocate for more informative public messaging regarding government resources and available assistance in disaster scenarios. Additionally, maintaining trust in government responses requires consistent outreach and transparency, especially during chaotic and uncertain times, to reassure affected populations.
Following the devastation of Hurricane Helene in western North Carolina, rumors and conspiracy theories about the disaster quickly began spreading online—some of them outrageous and bizarre, and some of them legitimate efforts to make sense of a confusing and frightening situation. With Hurricane Milton moving through Florida, the confusion seems unlikely to let up anytime soon. The volume of rumors circulating “is absolutely the worst I have ever seen,” FEMA Administrator Deanne Criswell told reporters.
There’s no one better positioned to speak to these issues than Kate Starbird, the co-founder of the University of Washington’s Center for an Informed Public, who studies both online rumors and disinformation along with crisis informatics, or how information circulates in the wake of disaster. Lawfare Senior Editor Quinta Jurecic spoke with Kate about why rumors spread after disasters, whether the flood of falsehoods is worse this time around, and how confusion following the hurricanes may set the groundwork for future conspiracy theories about the November election.