On the Ballot: An Immigration System Most Americans Never Wanted
Oct 29, 2024
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David Leonhardt, a senior writer at The New York Times and the mind behind The Morning newsletter, explores the intricacies of the U.S. immigration system. He highlights its evolution post-1965, revealing how policies have often contradicted public sentiment. The discussion includes the historical shifts during the Kennedy era, Barbara Jordan's impactful advocacy, and the political ramifications of recent reforms. Leonhardt delves into the disconnection between political promises and the needs of working-class Americans, framing immigration as a critical issue in the upcoming election.
The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 aimed to eliminate discrimination in immigration but inadvertently led to an unexpected surge in immigration levels.
Barbara Jordan's balanced approach in the 1990s highlighted the need for controlled immigration while still supporting family-based and skilled worker admissions.
Deep dives
The Transformation of Immigration Policy
The U.S. immigration system underwent a significant transformation with the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, which aimed to eliminate a racially discriminatory quota system established in 1924. This act positioned the value of immigrants based on their skills rather than their country of origin, with supporters like John F. Kennedy advocating for broader immigration opportunities. However, the act contained a major loophole that allowed many family members to enter the U.S. without being counted against the quota, leading to an unexpected surge in immigration that contradicted the initial promise that the law would not drastically increase immigration levels.
Economic and Social Impacts of Immigration
The rapid increase in immigration has sparked public concern about its economic and social impacts. While immigrants contribute to the economy by expanding the labor pool and stimulating demand, there is a prevailing anxiety among working-class Americans who believe that increased competition could suppress wages and job opportunities for unskilled workers. Additionally, communities experiencing significant population growth face challenges related to strained public services and local infrastructure, such as schools and healthcare, raising concerns about the overall capacity to manage these changes effectively.
Barbara Jordan's Legacy and Immigration Debate
Barbara Jordan emerged as a key voice in the immigration debate during the 1990s as she sought to reconcile the pro-immigrant stance with the need for controlled immigration levels. As chair of a commission on immigration for President Bill Clinton, she emphasized that being pro-immigrant does not necessarily equate to supporting unlimited immigration. Jordan argued for a balanced approach, advocating for the admission of highly skilled workers and family-based immigration while calling for a reduction in the overall numbers to mitigate potential negative impacts on existing immigrant populations and working-class Americans.
Political Polarization and Future Implications
The immigration issue has become increasingly polarized, particularly in the context of Donald Trump's presidency, where his hardline stance on immigration resonated with many disenchanted working-class voters. Despite the Democrats' historical ties to immigration reform, their current stance appears misaligned with public sentiment, leading to distrust among voters about their ability to handle immigration effectively. As net immigration surged under President Biden, concerns over how this might affect electoral dynamics are evident, suggesting that Washington must address the discrepancies between policy decisions and the promises made to the American people in order to establish a sustainable immigration system.
For more information on today’s episode, visit nytimes.com/thedaily. Transcripts of each episode will be made available by the next workday.
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