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Exercise has been found to improve the quality and quantity of sleep. People who exercise regularly generally experience better sleep, including falling asleep faster, staying asleep more soundly, and waking up feeling refreshed. They are also less likely to suffer from insomnia. Studies have shown that exercise can increase deep non-REM sleep, which is crucial for memory consolidation, anxiety reduction, immune system stimulation, blood pressure regulation, and blood sugar management.
The benefits of exercise on sleep vary across different age groups. In older adults, even light exercise such as walking and basic upper and lower body exercises can significantly increase deep non-REM sleep by over 40% relative to baseline. For young adults, more vigorous exercise is needed to observe similar improvements in deep non-REM sleep. Teenagers who engage in high-intensity workouts experience a sleep stage exchange, trading shallow non-REM sleep for increased deep non-REM sleep. These findings suggest that exercise can positively impact sleep regardless of age.
Engaging in regular exercise, defined as several days a week for several months or more, provides long-term benefits for sleep. Regular exercise improves sleep efficiency, increases total sleep time, helps individuals fall asleep faster, and leads to overall better sleep quality. Regular exercisers consistently report having satisfactory or good sleep compared to non-exercisers who often report poor sleep. The positive effects of regular exercise on sleep do not diminish over time, and these benefits persist as long as the exercise regimen is maintained.
This week, Matt goes deeper into the relationship between sleep and exercise. More specifically, does daytime exercise change the stages and types of sleep? Deep sleep is critical for various functions, so anything that can increase it is desirable. Older adults have an inherently difficult time generating deep non-REM sleep; however, a study showed that the amount can shoot up by 40% following a day with modest exercise. Moreover, it indicated that participants’ cognitive functioning was significantly sharper following that night of exercise-enhanced deep sleep.
Exercise in healthy young adults also stimulates a lush increase in deep non-REM slow brainwave activity, up to 50% in the first part of the night. However, that exercise must be more vigorous to see a consistent, substantive, increase in deep non-REM sleep.
However, there is a footnote to this good news: most of these studies saw a modest but reliable decrease in the amount of REM sleep the night following exercise. This isn’t a surprise for sleep scientists like Matt, who were already aware of some reciprocity between these two types of sleep, which seem to push and pull at each other’s levels. Why this reduction in REM sleep happens with a dose of acute, one-shot exercise and what the consequences are remains unexplored. Matt’s hypothesis is that it occurs because, in many of these studies, the total amount of time in bed is fixed. He suspects that if individuals were left to sleep as much as they wanted, they would sleep a little longer and thereby get the same amount or even more REM sleep.
Ultimately, the question becomes this: is regular exercise effective for maintaining and improving good sleep, or does its potency gradually wear off ? Thankfully, the answer is that regular, consistent exercise does benefit sleep, and the improvements it provides don’t get fade over time. Indeed, a meta-analysis approach teaches us that regular exercise has four persistent benefits, 1) improving sleep efficiency, 2) an increase in the amount of sleep achieved, 3) an increase in the speed of falling asleep, and 4) improvement in the quality of sleep experienced.
Please note that Matt is not a medical doctor, and none of the content in this podcast should be considered medical advice in any way, shape, or form, nor prescriptive in any way.
The good people at InsideTracker are one of the sponsors of this week's episode, and they are generously offering a special 25% off any one of their programs for anyone who uses the above link during the time window of this episode. InsideTracker is a personalized biometric platform that analyzes your blood and your DNA to better understand what's happening inside of you and offers suggestions regarding things that you can do to better try and adjust some of those numbers, optimize them, and, as a result, optimize you.
Also sponsoring this week are those fine people at Athletic Greens, and they are generously offering 3 benefits for anyone who uses the above link for their first order: 1) a discount on your order; 2) a one-year free supply of vitamin D; 3) five free travel packs. Athletic Greens is a nutrition drink that combines a full complement of antioxidants, minerals, and biotics, together with essential vitamins. Matt’s been using it for several years now because he’s serious about his health, and because he did his research on the science and ingredients in Athletic Greens and thinks its scientific data can be taken as ground truth.
As always, if you have thoughts or feedback you’d like to share, please reach out to Matt on Instagram.
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