Hardwired to eat: what can our dogs teach us about obesity?
Apr 23, 2024
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Dr. Eleanor Raffan discusses genetic factors behind dog behavior with a focus on Labradors and obesity. The podcast explores the POMC gene mutation's impact on food-seeking behavior in dogs and draws parallels between animal and human obesity. It also delves into the role of genetics in determining body weight and the importance of creating supportive environments for healthier choices.
Genetic mutation in POMC gene affects dogs' eating behavior and energy expenditure.
Human genetics and environment interact to influence obesity, highlighting the complexity of weight management.
Deep dives
Genetics and Food Behavior in Dogs
Labradors and flat-coated retrievers have a genetic mutation in the POMC gene that affects their eating behavior, making them more persistent in seeking food. Research conducted by the University of Cambridge found that dogs with this mutation were hungrier and burned fewer calories, leading to weight gain. The study highlights how genetic variations can influence dogs' food intake and energy expenditure, shedding light on the obesity crisis in pets.
Human Obesity Genetics
Human genetics play a significant role in obesity, with a heritability rate ranging from 40% to 70%. Research suggests that over a thousand genes are linked to body weight regulation, impacting an individual's feeding behavior. While rare genetic variations can have significant effects on body weight, common genetic factors also contribute to obesity, emphasizing the complex interplay between genetics and environment in managing weight.
Public Health Approach to Obesity
Obesity presents a major public health challenge globally, with rising rates and significant healthcare costs. While personal responsibility plays a role in managing weight, genetic factors and environmental influences contribute to obesity. Addressing the obesity crisis requires a public health approach that considers the genetic predispositions of individuals and the influence of the obesogenic environment on behavior and weight management.
Labradors are known for being greedy dogs, and now scientists have come up with a theory about the genetic factors that might be behind their behaviour. Science correspondent and flat-coated retriever owner Nicola Davis visits Cambridge University to meet Dr Eleanor Raffan and Prof Giles Yeo to find out how understanding this pathway could help us treat the obesity crisis in humans. Help support our independent journalism at theguardian.com/sciencepod
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