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Al-Ghazali's Intellectual Synthesis
- Al-Ghazali integrated Greek philosophy with Islamic theology, significantly shaping Islamic thought.
- His work balanced rational inquiry with spiritual experience and legal theory.
Challenge to Avicenna's Theology
- Al-Ghazali challenged Avicenna's notion that God acts necessarily and critiqued the eternity of the world and God's knowledge of particulars.
- He defended the Islamic doctrine of God's absolute freedom and the world's created nature.
Philosophical Critique in Incoherence
- In "Incoherence of the Philosophers," Al-Ghazali criticized 20 philosophical errors, condemning three as heretical.
- He rejected philosophical claims of the world's eternity, God's ignorance of particulars, and denial of bodily resurrection.