Andy Warhol challenged traditional notions of authenticity by blurring the lines of authorship and embracing the power of his brand and recognition.
Warhol redefined the concept of authenticity by emphasizing the artist's statement and authorization in determining the value of a work, even if he had no direct involvement in its creation.
Deep dives
The Shift in Authenticity: From Artist's Hand to Artist's Brand
Andy Warhol revolutionized the concept of authenticity by embracing machine-made art and distancing himself from the traditional notion of the artist's hand. With his iconic silk screen prints, Warhol blurred the lines of authorship and outsourced much of the production process, including photography and stencil-making. This shift challenged the idea of a single artist creating a unique and scarce artwork. Instead, Warhol recognized the power of his brand and the attention-grabbing nature of his works, which became instantly recognizable and desirable. The market value of Warhols was tied to his name and the boldness of his vision, catering to a time-efficient society that values immediate recognition and impact.
The Che Guevara Silk Screen and the Authenticity Dilemma
The story of the Che Guevara silk screen print offers a fascinating exploration of authenticity within Warhol's work. Warhol's long-time assistant, Gerard Malanga, created the silk screen without Warhol's knowledge or approval. When the prints were exhibited and sold as authentic Warhols in an Italian art gallery, Malanga found himself facing allegations of forgery and potential jail time. In an unexpected turn of events, Warhol retroactively authenticated the prints to save Malanga, but under the condition that he would receive the proceeds of the sales. This demonstrates how Warhol redefined the concept of authenticity, emphasizing the role of the artist's statement and authorization in determining the value of a work, even if he had no direct involvement in its creation.
The Scarcity of Attention: Warhol's Impact on the Art Market
Warhol's approach to art challenged traditional notions of scarcity and uniqueness. While traditional artists like Vermeer or Rubens were revered for their scarcity of works, Warhol embraced ubiquity and repetition. He recognized that in a world inundated with images and distractions, attention became the true scarcity. Warhol's prints, instantly recognizable and attention-grabbing, catered to a time-pressed audience that sought quick and easily digestible art. The value of Warhols extended beyond the artist's hand, as his brand and the attention they commanded became the driving force behind their worth. This departure from traditional art and scarcity models illustrates the shifting dynamics of authenticity in an increasingly crowded and fast-paced world.
Cautionary Conversation: Andy Warhol’s assistant, Gerard Malanga, is facing a long prison sentence in Italy. He’s forged several Che Guevara portraits and tried to pass them off as genuine Warhols. What happens next is a landmark event in the history of art and authenticity…
Tim Harford is joined by Alice Sherwood, author of Authenticity, to discuss truth and fakery in modern times. Today, authenticity seems to matter more than ever — and yet we’re also constantly assailed by people and products that are not what they seem. What’s going on here? And what’s the attention economy got to do with it?