Historian and broadcaster Melvyn Bragg and his guests delve into the Battle of the Little Bighorn, exploring the clash between the American federal government and Native Americans over land rights, the unexpected encounter that led to Custer's Last Stand, and the intricate political intrigues and rivalries that shaped the event. They also discuss the rise of George Custer from a modest background to a Civil War hero, and the evolving scholarly perspectives on his legacy.
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Quick takeaways
The Battle of Little Bighorn highlighted the US government's conflicting strategies towards Native Americans - extermination or relocation for land expansion.
General Custer's ambitious pursuit of fame and controversial decisions culminated in a disastrous defeat at Little Bighorn, shaping US policy towards indigenous peoples.
Deep dives
Context of 19th Century America and Conflict Resolution with Native Americans
The mid-19th century in America witnessed immense population growth and economic development, leading to significant land hunger. The United States government alternated between two strategies to handle Native Americans: either exterminating them or relocating them to open land for settlers. As settlers moved westward, conflicts escalated, exacerbated by the building of railroads and economic crises. The Plains area became a battleground between settlers, soldiers, and Native American tribes whose way of life was threatened.
Impact of American Civil War on Westward Expansion
The American Civil War, aimed at consolidating the nation, shifted the focus to conquering the western half of the continent. Figures like General Custer carried their war experience westward, influencing strategies in dealing with Native Americans. The completion of the Transcontinental Railroad in 1869 led to the rapid depletion of buffalo herds, crucial for Plains Indians' survival. The destruction of these herds through hunting further intensified the conflict between settlers and Native Americans.
Custer's Background, Rise to Prominence, and Role in Battle
General Custer, originating from a modest background, embarked on a military path driven by a fascination with military life. Despite initial setbacks, he rose rapidly through the ranks during the Civil War, showcasing bravery and willingness to take risks. Custer's involvement in the Black Hills expedition led to the discovery of gold, sparking further tensions with Native tribes. His controversial decisions and pursuit of fame culminated in the infamous battle at Little Bighorn.
Battle of Little Bighorn and Its Aftermath
The Battle of Little Bighorn in 1876 marked a significant defeat for General Custer and the US Army against the Native American tribes, particularly the Sioux and Cheyenne. Custer's division of forces and underestimation of the enemy's strength led to a disastrous outcome, reinforcing romanticized views of the Wild West while igniting debates on US policy towards indigenous peoples. The aftermath of the battle heralded a shift in US approach towards Native American tribes, aiming for assimilation or eradication.
Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the Battle of the Little Bighorn, also known as Custer's Last Stand.In 1876 a dispute between the American federal government and Native Americans over land rights led to an armed conflict now known as the Great Sioux War. An expeditionary federal force was sent out to coerce the Native Americans into reservations, and away from the gold reserves recently discovered in their traditional homelands.One of the officers in this expeditionary force was a Civil War hero, George Custer. While en route to his arranged rendezvous, Custer unexpectedly encountered a large group of Sioux and Cheyenne warriors. Disobeying orders, he decided to attack. Barely half an hour later, he and all 200 of his men lay dead. Custer's Last Stand has become one of the most famous and closely studied military engagements in American history.With:Kathleen BurkProfessor of Modern and Contemporary History at University College, LondonAdam SmithSenior Lecturer in American History at University College LondonSaul DavidProfessor of War Studies at the University of Buckingham.Producer: Thomas Morris.
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