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Montrose's Betrayal
- After defeat at Philiphaugh, Montrose offered services to Charles II, who named him Captain General.
- The Covenanters, hating Montrose, demanded Charles disavow him, leading to Montrose's defeat and execution.
Irish Royalists Abandoned
- The Marquis of Ormond tried to unite Irish Royalists, arguing alliance offered better terms than the New Model Army.
- Charles II disavowed Irish Catholic supporters in Treaty of Breda, undermining Ormond.
Cromwell's Rise to Lord General
- Cromwell's return from Ireland was celebrated publicly, but Fairfax was named commander of Northern defenses.
- Fairfax resigned a week later, refusing to invade Scotland preemptively, leading to Cromwell becoming Lord General.