The Three Components of Polyvagal Theory

Polyvagal theory is based on three main components: autonomic hierarchy, neuroception, and co-regulation. Autonomic hierarchy refers to the different levels of the autonomic nervous system, ranging from the safe and social engagement system (ventral vagal) to sympathetic activation (flight or fight) to dorsal vagal shutdown (immobilization with fear). Understanding this hierarchy helps to normalize and de-shame clients' responses and provides a framework for therapy. Neuroception is the constant scanning of the environment by the nervous system to determine the level of safety or danger. It plays a key role in shaping responses and can be trained to become more accurate. Co-regulation is the importance of having a co-regulatory figure, such as a therapist or caregiver, to help the client's nervous system regulate and rewire. Co-regulation is crucial in helping clients come out of dorsal vagal shutdown and build resilience in their nervous system.