Chris Bryant, author of James and John: A True Story of Prejudice and Murder, explores the lives and tragic fate of the last two men executed for homosexuality in Britain. The podcast delves into the moral panic and taboo surrounding homosexuality in early 19th century Britain, discusses the influence of legal reform and the intersection of class and homosexuality in the criminal justice system, and explores the ongoing relevance of historical persecution of homosexuals.
Homosexual prosecutions in 19th century Britain were often class-based, with poorer men facing severe consequences compared to wealthier individuals whose accusations were overlooked.
The prevailing attitudes towards homosexuality during this period were influenced by a moral panic and changing societal factors, leading to increased persecution and a loss of physical affection among men.
Deep dives
The Obscured History of Homosexuality in 19th Century Britain
In this podcast episode, historian Chris Bryant discusses his book 'James and John' which explores the untold story of two working-class men who were hanged in 1835 for homosexuality. Bryant explains that their story is often overlooked in British history, sandwiched between the well-known Mollie houses of the 18th century and the infamous case of Oscar Wilde in the late 19th century. He delves into the prevailing attitudes towards homosexuality during this period, attributing the intensified persecution to a moral panic and changing societal factors. Additionally, Bryant highlights the class-based nature of prosecutions, revealing that accusations against wealthier individuals were often swept under the rug while poorer men faced severe consequences. The podcast also touches on the complexities of contemporary views on homosexuality and the legal environment of the time. Finally, Bryant reflects on the relevance of this history today, emphasizing that same-sex relations continue to be criminalized in certain countries, making it crucial for societies to remain vigilant and safeguard hard-fought rights.
The True Story of James and John
In this podcast episode, Chris Bryant sheds light on the lives of James Pratt and John Smith, the two men who were executed for homosexuality in 1835. James Pratt, born into a poor family in Essex, struggled to make ends meet and was out of work at the time of his arrest. John Smith's background remains more elusive, but it is known that he hailed from Worcester. The pair's encounter took place on August 29, 1835, when James met John in Hoban. They retired to William Bonnell's rented room, where they were caught engaged in sexual activity by the landlord and his wife. The arrest led to their trial and subsequent sentencing to death. Bryant also highlights the efforts of James Pratt's wife, Elizabeth, who rallied for a reprieve, collecting character witnesses and creating a petition. The couple's working-class status and inability to afford privacy in contrast to affluent individuals led to their prosecution. Ultimately, these circumstances culminated in a tragic and unjust outcome for James and John.
Social Attitudes and Legal Context
This podcast episode explores the social attitudes and legal environment surrounding homosexuality in 19th century Britain. Bryant suggests that the British government reacted with heightened concern to internal disorder within the country, resulting in harsh and punitive measures. He notes that the French Napoleonic code did not have any specific laws against homosexuality, and many other European countries were more lenient in their punishments. The fear surrounding accusations of homosexuality in British society led to a loss of physical affection, as men became reluctant to express gestures such as kissing for fear of being labeled homosexual. Bryant attributes this to a moral panic and draws parallels with the severe moral views of political figures like William Wilberforce. The introduction of legislation and vagrancy acts after the Napoleonic Wars led to an increase in prosecutions and hangings for homosexuality during this period. Bryant also highlights the absence of public discourse and political engagement on the topic, making homosexuality a taboo subject in British society.
Relevance and Lessons from History
Reflecting on the relevance of this historical account, Chris Bryant emphasizes the continuing global struggle for LGBTQ+ rights. He draws attention to countries, including some in the Commonwealth, where the death penalty remains in place for homosexuality. The podcast highlights examples of ongoing violence and persecution against LGBTQ+ individuals, such as in Iran and Russia. Bryant urges listeners to recognize that the liberties and progress achieved in recent times are not guaranteed indefinitely. He stresses the importance of acknowledging and learning from the past to ensure the protection of LGBTQ+ rights in the present and future. Bryant concludes by advocating for greater awareness of this historical injustice, suggesting posthumous pardons and the creation of memorials for James Pratt and John Smith as steps towards acknowledging and rectifying this chapter of British history.
My guest on this week's Book Club podcast is Chris Bryant, who tells me about his new book James and John: A True Story of Prejudice and Murder. In it, he seeks to tell what can be known of the lives, world and fatal luck of the last two men executed for homosexuality in Britain.
Produced by Oscar Edmondson and Patrick Gibbons.
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