Is There an Extremely Simple Fix for Affordable Housing?
Mar 13, 2025
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Kevin Erdmann, a senior affiliated scholar at the Mercatus Center, dives into the critical issue of housing affordability. He argues that overly strict lending standards post-Great Financial Crisis have wiped out the starter home market, making homeownership increasingly elusive for lower-income individuals. Erdmann suggests that loosening these standards could revitalize homebuilding, catering to those with lower FICO scores. The conversation explores the complexities of zoning laws, rising housing costs, and the potential for simple solutions to a pressing crisis.
The tightening of lending standards after the Great Financial Crisis has severely limited the construction of affordable starter homes in the market.
Addressing housing scarcity requires a reevaluation of post-crisis lending policies to enable lower-income families to access homeownership opportunities.
Deep dives
Impact of Housing Costs on the Economy
Housing costs play a significant role in shaping public perception of inflation and the overall cost of living. As housing prices and rents have increased sharply in recent years, especially since the pandemic, they have become central to people's discontent with rising expenses. Despite attempts by policymakers to control this situation, the fundamental issue of housing scarcity persists, largely due to restrictive zoning regulations in key metropolitan areas. The conversation reflects a broader concern that rising housing costs threaten the American dream of homeownership and exacerbate economic inequality.
Historical Context of Housing Supply Issues
The podcast highlights the historical backdrop of America’s housing market, noting that the supply shortage has been a consistent issue since the 1980s and 1990s in coastal cities. The Great Financial Crisis of 2008 prompted a dramatic tightening of lending standards, which unintentionally curtailed homebuilding across the country. In contrast to previous cycles where housing supply expanded to meet demand, the current climate sees a paradox where urban areas are depopulating despite economic growth. This situation has led to a counterintuitive migration pattern, with higher costs forcing families out of cities and into less populated regions.
Effect of Policy on Housing Market Dynamics
Post-financial crisis alterations in lending policies are explored as having inadvertently contributed to the current housing shortage, with arguments suggesting that the reactive measures taken to prevent future bubbles created additional barriers. The tightening of credit standards has resulted in fewer borrowers qualifying for mortgages, thus reducing the effective demand for housing. As a result, this has shifted the market dynamics towards a scenario where lower-income families are unable to buy homes, leading to fewer starter homes being constructed. The conversation suggests that addressing the imbalance between housing demand and supply necessitates a reevaluation of these post-crisis lending policies.
Long-Term Solutions to Housing Affordability
A key aspect discussed is the need for a more nuanced understanding of what housing represents in America, suggesting it should not solely be viewed as a wealth generator. The potential for a public utility model of housing, where affordability and availability are prioritized over constant price appreciation, is emphasized. Suggestions for reversing the post-2008 tightening of lending standards are proposed, with the recommendation to restore pre-crisis lending criteria to encourage homebuilding. Without this, the risk of exacerbating homelessness and housing scarcity remains significant, indicating a pressing need for policy reform.
Housing affordability remains one of the single greatest sources of economic stress. Even if inflation measures were to come down, the simple cost of shelter is a huge burden on a wide swathe of the population. Hardly anyone disagrees with the idea of increasing supply, but this is easier said than done. There isn't a lot of spare construction capacity and the political fights over liberalizing zoning are tedious and slow. On this episode, we speak with Kevin Erdmann, a senior affiliated scholar at the Mercatus Center at George Mason University, who proposes a simple idea. He argues that after the Great Financial Crisis, regulators over-tightened lending standards, and in so doing, took out the entire "starter home" segment of the new housing market. He says that if Fannie and Freddie were to liberalize their lending standards, homebuilders would be incentivized to build more homes that cater to people with lower incomes and lower FICO scores, essentially re-creating a whole slice of the new home market that's disappeared over the last 15 years.