S02E05 - Sarah Powell On Effective Word Problem Instruction
Mar 23, 2024
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Sarah Powell, Associate Professor, discusses effective word problem instruction in maths, focusing on attack strategies, dangers of keywords, and schema instruction. Emphasizes using research-validated practices over shortcuts for improving student problem-solving skills.
Avoid relying solely on keywords for solving word problems as they have limited success rates in multi-step problems.
Utilize attack strategies and schema instruction to enhance students' word problem-solving abilities and conceptual understanding.
Developing math fluency in basic operations is crucial for improving students' problem-solving skills and efficiency.
Deep dives
Introduction and Background of Sarah Power
Sarah Power, an associate professor in the Department of Special Education at the University of Texas at Austin, shares her journey into the field of research through teaching, school administration, and a strong focus on mathematics education. Her extensive experience in researching word problems in mathematics forms the basis of her discussion with Brendan Lee.
Challenges in Word Problem Solving
Word problem solving poses challenges for students due to difficulties in reading, understanding math and general vocabulary, identifying relevant information, choosing appropriate math strategies, and persisting through multi-step problems. Strategies such as relying on keywords for operations are discouraged due to their limited success rate in solving multi-step problems.
Effective Instructional Strategies for Word Problems
Supporting student understanding of word problems involves utilizing metacognitive approaches like attack strategies to navigate through problems by reading, planning, solving, and checking their work. Emphasizing conceptual understanding over procedural knowledge, focusing on problem schemas, including total, difference, change, equal groups, and comparison schemas facilitate student comprehension and problem-solving skills.
Implementation of Schema Instruction and Practice
Introducing schema instruction early on helps students grasp mathematical concepts, leading to improved word problem solving. By breaking down schemas such as total, difference, change, equal groups, and comparison, and gradually incorporating them into daily practice, students develop fluency and confidence in tackling word problems across different grades and problem complexities.
The Importance of Fluency in Mathematics
Fluency in basic math operations such as addition and multiplication is crucial for students as it enhances their problem-solving abilities. Math fluency involves ease and accuracy in calculations, essential for tasks like word problem solving. Developing counting fluency, fact fluency, and computation fluency aids in approaching complex math problems efficiently. Students progress from counting objects to using mental strategies like adding from larger numbers, significantly improving their problem-solving speed and accuracy.
Effective Planning in Word Problem Solving
The planning phase in word problem solving is emphasized as it lays the foundation for successful problem-solving. Setting up the word problem is considered the most challenging aspect as it requires understanding the problem context and identifying relevant information. Planning helps students navigate multi-step problems effectively, transitioning from basic operations to schema-based problem-solving. Teachers are advised to focus on teaching schemas and attack strategies progressively, offering support and guidance to help students enhance their problem-solving skills.
In this episode of the Knowledge for Teachers Podcast, Brendan Lee speaks with Sarah Powell. Sarah is an Associate Professor in the Department of Special Education at the University of Texas at Austin. She has pretty much dedicated her whole career to researching word problems in maths. She has also contributed to a couple of papers that have recently been released for the Centre for Independent Studies and we touch on those as well.
However, the main focus is Word Problems and we go through everything from Attack Strategies, to the dangers of using keywords and delve into the world of schema instruction. If you care about helping your students improve their ability to solve word problems, then this episode is for you.
Powell, S. R., Namkung, J. M., & Lin, X. (2022). An investigation of using keywords to solve word problems. The Elementary School Journal, 122(3), 452-473.
Powell, S. R., & Fuchs, L. S. (2018). Effective word-problem instruction: Using schemas to facilitate mathematical reasoning. Teaching exceptional children, 51(1), 31-42.
Sarah R. Powell is an Associate Professor in the Department of Special Education at the University of Texas at Austin. Her research interests include developing and testing interventions for students with mathematics difficulties, with a special emphasis on peer tutoring, word-problem solving, mathematics writing, and the symbols and vocabulary within mathematics.
She was awarded the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE) in 2019.
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