In a compelling discussion, Stanford neuro-oncologist Michelle Monje sheds light on her groundbreaking work in cancer neuroscience. She reveals how deadly brain tumors engage with healthy brain tissue, relying on electrical signals to thrive. Monje explores the surprising dependency of many cancers on the nervous system, opening up new avenues for treatment. The conversation dives into the challenges of treating high-grade gliomas in children and the dynamic interplay between gliomas and neurons, highlighting innovative therapeutic strategies on the horizon.
Michelle Monje's groundbreaking research reveals that deadly brain tumors actively depend on the surrounding brain's electrical activity for their growth.
The discovery of tumor-neuron synapse interactions opens new strategies in oncology, allowing for potential treatment optimization through neuromodulation.
Deep dives
The Emergence of Cancer Neuroscience
A groundbreaking discovery in cancer neuroscience highlights the critical link between deadly brain tumors and the healthy brain tissue surrounding them. Research indicates that these tumors, particularly diffuse midline gliomas, not only connect physically to healthy tissue but also rely on its electrical activity for growth and spread. This finding suggests that the nervous system's innervation is integral to cancer survival across various types, indicating a revolutionary new approach for oncology. The concept emerged from observations that most cancers could potentially hijack similar mechanisms that are fundamental to the nervous system.
Neuronal Activity and Tumor Growth Mechanisms
Research reveals that the growth of brain tumors, like gliomas, is significantly influenced by neuronal activity. The tumors demonstrate activity-dependent proliferation, requiring neuronal signals for sustained growth, which suggests that they participate in a form of communication with surrounding brain circuits. Further studies confirmed that tumor cells form true synapses with neurons, allowing for a dynamic interaction where the cancer cells receive signals essential for their development. This understanding of synaptic communication enables the exploration of therapies aimed at disrupting these interactions to inhibit tumor growth.
Potential Treatments Targeting Nervous System Interactions
Understanding the interactions between nervous system activity and cancer opens new avenues for treatments. Disrupting the communication pathways, such as using beta-blockers to target adrenergic signaling in tumors, presents a promising strategy to enhance treatment outcomes for difficult-to-treat cancers. This approach could not only optimize existing therapies but also repurpose medications developed for other conditions, including cardiology and neurology, for cancer treatment. Knowledge of how different drugs interact with specific cancer types is essential to avoid inadvertently promoting tumor growth while leveraging neuromodulation for therapeutic benefit.
Today, we're talking with Stanford neuro-oncologist, Michelle Monje. This is actually the third time we've had Michelle on the show, in part because she's been a pioneer of three exciting frontiers in neuroscience — so far!
This week, we're going to talk about cancer neuroscience. Michelle founded this new field with her discovery that deadly brain tumors not only link up physically with the healthy brain tissue surrounding them, but the cancers actually need the brain's electrical activity to grow and spread.
It turns out that many cancers — not only in the brain — depend on nervous system innervation for their survival. Understanding this dependent relationship better may present an exciting new line of attack for oncology.
Episode Credits This episode was produced by Michael Osborne, with production assistance by Morgan Honaker, and hosted by Nicholas Weiler. Art by Aimee Garza.
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