Best of: How the humble refrigerator changed the world
Dec 26, 2024
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Nicola Twilley, author of "Frostbite: How Refrigeration Changed Our Food, Our Planet, and Ourselves," explores the transformative power of refrigeration on food systems. She reveals how the vast "cold chain" ensures food freshness while also highlighting its environmental repercussions. The conversation tackles the paradox of refrigeration, discussing its role in both reducing waste in developing countries and exacerbating overconsumption in wealthier regions. Ultimately, Twilley advocates for mindful consumption to balance flavor and sustainability.
Refrigeration has transformed food preservation and distribution, significantly altering dietary habits and accessibility in both developed and developing nations.
The refrigeration industry faces major challenges related to energy consumption and harmful emissions, necessitating innovations in refrigerants and sustainable cooling methods.
Deep dives
The Evolution of Refrigeration and Its Impact
Refrigeration has revolutionized food preservation and distribution, drastically transforming dietary habits and accessibility. Historically, the challenges of transporting perishable goods led to innovative cold chain solutions, such as the first transcontinental shipment of broccoli. Achievements in refrigeration technology paved the way for meat transport over vast distances, lowering prices and increasing consumption, particularly of red meat. However, as access to refrigeration expanded, it has contributed to increased food waste in developed countries, where consumers often overstock their refrigerators.
Refrigeration's Role in Food Waste Dynamics
Refrigeration has a dual effect on food waste, benefiting developing nations while contributing to waste in developed regions. Across developing countries, a reliable cold chain can significantly reduce the waste of food that spoils before reaching markets, as demonstrated in nations like Rwanda. Conversely, in places with abundant refrigeration, such as the United States, consumers often hoard food and disregard expiration dates, leading to higher waste levels. Addressing this issue requires educating consumers about proper food storage and consumption habits to maximize the benefits of refrigeration.
Future Considerations for Sustainable Refrigeration
The refrigeration industry faces urgent challenges related to energy consumption and gas emissions, with cold storage facilities being among the highest consumers of electricity globally. The transition away from harmful hydrofluorocarbons is critical, as these gases have a significant warming effect on the planet. Innovations in refrigerants and cooling methods, especially in emerging markets, are essential to reduce environmental impacts. Exploring alternative methods of food preservation beyond traditional refrigeration could provide sustainable options while maintaining food quality and safety.
The “cold chain” that delivers our food is inconspicuous but vast. The US alone boasts around 5.5 billion cubic feet of refrigerated space; that’s 150 Empire State Buildings’ worth of freezers. Now, the developing world is catching up. On Zero, Nicola Twilley, author of Frostbite: How Refrigeration Changed Our Food, Our Planet, and Ourselves, discusses how refrigeration became so ubiquitous and what our reliance on it means for our palates and the planet.
Zero is a production of Bloomberg Green. Our producer is Mythili Rao. Special thanks this week to Kira Bindrim, Aaron Rutkoff and Monique Mulima. Thoughts or suggestions? Email us at zeropod@bloomberg.net. For more coverage of climate change and solutions, visit https://www.bloomberg.com/green.