Why menthol cigarettes have a chokehold on Black smokers
Feb 21, 2024
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Exploring the controversial delay on banning menthol cigarettes due to its high usage among Black smokers and its impact on Biden's support. Diving into the history of menthol cigarettes, advertising tactics targeting Black communities, and the heroic actions of Mandrake the Magician against harmful marketing practices.
Menthol cigarettes target black communities through strategic marketing tactics, emphasizing coolness and perceived health benefits.
Opposition to the banning of menthol cigarettes highlights concerns about policing, civil liberties, and discriminatory enforcement.
Deep dives
The Rise of Menthol Cigarette Sales Among Black Smokers
Menthol cigarettes, particularly brands like Newport, have become immensely popular among black smokers, while being less favored by white smokers. This is partially due to targeted marketing tactics employed by the tobacco industry, which emphasized the coolness and perceived health benefits of menthol cigarettes. The industry conducted thorough studies of black neighborhoods, identifying influential community members who could promote their products. Black publications, such as Ebony, played a role in promoting menthol cigarettes as a symbol of black achievement and upward mobility. These marketing strategies were successful, with menthol cigarettes making up a large portion of cigarette sales among black smokers. However, the health consequences have been dire, with black smokers being more likely to suffer from smoking-related illnesses and face higher mortality rates. This has led to calls for the banning of menthol cigarettes, a proposal that has faced opposition and controversies tied to industry influence and potential impacts on black communities.
Henry Brown: The Mandrake the Magician
Henry Brown, also known as Mandrake the Magician, was a black community activist in Chicago in the 1990s who fought against the marketing of menthol cigarettes in black neighborhoods. Recognizing the disparity in cigarette advertisements between predominantly black and white areas of the city, he took it upon himself to deface billboards promoting menthol brands. Using the alias Mandrake the Magician, he painted over the ads, drawing attention to the targeted marketing tactics of the tobacco industry. His actions, combined with radio appearances and interviews, brought awareness to the issue and inspired others to take action against menthol cigarette marketing.
The Policy Battle over Menthol Cigarettes
The sale and consumption of menthol cigarettes has been a contentious issue, particularly in black communities. While the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act of 2009 banned flavored cigarettes, it left out menthol cigarettes, leading to debates and recent calls for their prohibition. Advocates argue that banning menthol cigarettes is necessary to protect public health, as black smokers are disproportionately affected by smoking-related diseases. However, opponents of the ban, including some civil rights activists, express concerns about the potential impact on policing and civil liberties, pointing to the possibility of discriminatory enforcement. This policy fight highlights the complex intersection of public health, racial dynamics, and corporate influence.
Big Tobacco's Deliberate Menthol Marketing Strategy
Big tobacco companies developed a deliberate and sophisticated marketing strategy to target black individuals with menthol cigarettes. By studying black neighborhoods and understanding their dynamics, tobacco companies identified influential community members, or kingfish, who could promote their products. Advertising in black publications, such as Ebony and Jet, focused on black accomplishment and aspirations, associating menthol cigarettes with upward mobility. The industry's tactics included providing free samples, covertly influencing influencers, and strategically placing billboards and ads in areas heavily populated by black individuals. This marketing strategy significantly increased menthol cigarette sales among black smokers, contributing to higher smoking rates, health disparities, and mortality rates within black communities.
In the U.S., flavored cigarettes have been banned since 2009, with one glaring exception: menthols. That exception was supposed to go away in 2023, but the Biden administration quietly delayed the ban on menthols. Why? Well, an estimated 85 percent of Black smokers smoke menthols — and some (potentially suspect) polls have indicated that a ban on menthols would chill Biden's support among Black people. Of course, it's more complicated than that. The story of menthol cigarettes is tied up in policing, advertising, influencer-culture, and the weaponization of race and gender studies. Oh, and a real-life Black superhero named Mandrake the Magician.