Hui Shan, Chief China economist at Goldman Sachs, and Michael Pettis, Professor at Peking University, delve into China's economic landscape. They discuss the nuances of China's policy stimulus and its potential effectiveness against both domestic challenges and external pressures, such as U.S. trade policies. The conversation uncovers shifts towards consumption over infrastructure, critiques of manufacturing subsidies, and the impact of political dynamics, including potential tariffs from the U.S. The experts evaluate if these measures can truly revitalize China's sluggish GDP growth.
China's policy stimulus addresses immediate economic issues, yet fails to resolve deeper structural problems, raising concerns about long-term sustainability.
The shift from reliance on property investment to promoting household consumption indicates an evolving economic strategy, though execution challenges persist.
Deep dives
China's Economic Challenges and Stimulus Measures
China is facing significant economic challenges, including a disappointing growth rate of 5.2% in 2023, despite expectations of a strong rebound following its reopening. Policymakers have responded with a range of stimulus measures, primarily focusing on fiscal support and an expansion of demand-side policies. However, these stimulus efforts are viewed as short-term solutions, as the deeper underlying issues within the economy remain unresolved. Notably, the delayed response from policymakers in announcing the stimulus packages has raised concerns about their effectiveness in truly addressing the economic pain points.
Local Government Debt and Economic Risks
The local government debt swap plan has been identified as the most significant stimulus measure, representing a substantial 10 trillion RMB package approved to address pressing economic risks. While this move aims to alleviate immediate financial pressure, the effectiveness of the swap remains uncertain, as it may result in merely shifting debt rather than fundamentally improving the financial situation. Analysts express skepticism regarding the adequacy of the new debt quotas in relation to the staggering 60 trillion RMB in total local government liabilities. This precarious financial landscape risks exacerbating the strain on local government services, as revenue cuts could lead to detrimental impacts on essential public services.
Shifting Economic Focus from Investment to Consumption
There is an emerging recognition among Chinese policymakers that reliance on property and infrastructure investment is insufficient for sustainable growth, prompting a gradual pivot towards promoting consumption. New measures aim to boost household consumption, exemplified by initiatives like consumer subsidies to incentivize spending. However, challenges remain in effectively executing these policies, particularly amidst an uncertain economic backdrop and declining confidence in the housing market. Ultimately, transitioning to a consumption-led economy is complicated, requiring substantial structural changes to the distribution of wealth within the economy.
Goldman Sachs Research’s Hui Shan, chief China economist, and Peking University Guanghua School of Management’s Michael Pettis discuss just how effective China’s domestic policy stimulus will be in addressing the country’s internal and external economic challenges. This episode explores the latest Top of Mind report, “Will China’s policy stimulus be enough?”
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