Understanding Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL)

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) characterized by a specific genetic translocation between chromosomes 15 and 17, leading to a fusion of the promyelocytic leukemia gene and the retinoic acid receptor gene. This condition was once associated with a high mortality rate due to complications such as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and severe bleeding. However, advancements in treatment have transformed APL into one of the most curable forms of leukemia, with cure rates now exceeding 90%. The early recognition of APL is critical since it is considered a hematologic emergency, necessitating immediate intervention to improve patient outcomes and prevent complications.