Could environmental pollution be behind the rise in cancers in India?
Mar 28, 2025
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In this engaging discussion, Dr. Krithiga Shridhar, head of the Cancer Epidemiology Unit at the Centre for Chronic Disease Control in New Delhi, sheds light on the alarming rise in cancer cases in India. She highlights the emerging role of environmental pollution as a significant risk factor, alongside traditional culprits like tobacco and alcohol. Dr. Shridhar dives into the dangers of 'forever chemicals' contaminating water sources and the impact of ultra-processed foods. The conversation emphasizes the importance of individual actions to combat these environmental threats.
Environmental pollution, including air quality issues and forever chemicals, is increasingly linked to rising cancer rates in India.
The consumption of ultra-processed foods, while less definitively linked to cancer, poses significant health risks and requires public awareness.
Deep dives
Rising Cancer Cases in India
Cancer cases in India are on the rise, with projections estimating a 12% increase in new cases by 2025 compared to 2020. The Indian Council of Medical Research predicts up to 15.7 lakh new cases this year, highlighting a concerning trend particularly among young adults aged 20 to 49. While traditional risk factors like tobacco, alcohol, and obesity remain significant contributors, environmental pollution is emerging as a crucial factor. The discussion highlights that certain cancers, including oral, lung, breast, and leukemia among children, are increasingly prevalent, necessitating a broader focus on both lifestyle and environmental risk factors.
Environmental Pollution as a Cancer Risk
Environmental pollution is increasingly recognized as a critical contributor to cancer rates, with various sources including industrial activities, vehicle emissions, and household pollutants being identified. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified outdoor air pollution as a Group 1 carcinogen, with significant evidence linking it to lung cancer, particularly in non-smokers and women. The podcast discusses alarming trends, such as rising cases of adenocarcinoma lung cancer in women, potentially tied to air quality issues. Additionally, the need for targeted interventions to reduce air pollution both outdoors and indoors is emphasized, highlighting the complexity of addressing this multifaceted problem.
Health Impacts of Forever Chemicals and Ultra-Processed Foods
Forever chemicals, specifically per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, are being increasingly scrutinized for their long-term persistence in the environment and potential links to cancer, with some already classified as possibly carcinogenic by health organizations. Moreover, the consumption of ultra-processed foods has been on the rise in India, correlating with various health concerns, although its direct link to cancer is less established. The podcast accentuates the dangers posed by additives and preservatives in these foods, which can lead to serious health issues beyond cancer, such as heart disease and diabetes. Consequently, there is an urgent call for public awareness and policy action to address both environmental contamination and dietary habits.
Cancers are rising and rising fast in India. The Indian Council of Medical Research’s National Cancer Registry Programme estimated a 12% increase between 2020 and 2025. This year, cancer numbers were estimated to hit 15.7 lakh. A worrying trend in this rise, is the spike in cancer cases among young persons. We know of and we are battling risk factors such as tobacco use, alcohol consumption and obesity and while these are still responsible for a significant chunk of cancers in India, other factors such as environmental pollution are now also beginning to play a role. Air pollution, forever chemicals in our water and soil and the increasing consumption of ultra-processed food are all being studied for their links to cancer. How much do we know about these factors? What does the research say about their links to cancer? Could some of these chemicals be responsible for the rise in cancers in India? What can we, as individuals do, about this?
Guest: Dr. Krithiga Shridhar, head, cancer epidemiology unit, Centre for Chronic Disease Control. New Delhi
Host: Zubeda Hamid
Edited by Sharmada Venkatasubramanian.
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