Jonas Olofsson, a Professor of Psychology at Stockholm University and author of "The Forgotten Sense," dives into the remarkable capabilities of the human sense of smell. He debunks myths about our olfactory abilities, revealing how humans are sophisticated sniffers. The conversation tackles the link between scent, memory, and emotion, explores how genetics and culture influence our odor perceptions, and discusses the fascinating world of pheromones. Olofsson also highlights the trained skill of sommeliers in identifying complex wine aromas.
Humans possess a sophisticated sense of smell that performs comparably to many animals, highlighting our evolved adaptability to detect odors.
The sense of smell is closely linked to memory and emotion, often triggering more intense recollections than visual or auditory stimuli.
Deep dives
The Complexity of Human Smell
Humans possess a surprisingly sophisticated sense of smell, contrary to the long-held belief that it is inferior to other animals. Research indicates that humans perform comparably to many species in detecting various odors, only surpassed by dogs. A systematic study compared the sensitivity of humans to other animals, revealing that humans are versatile and sensitive to a wide array of smells. This adaptability likely stems from evolutionary pressures that favored the ability to identify food sources and environmental hazards.
The Intricate Process of Smelling
The journey of odor molecules from the environment to the brain is a complex process involving specialized receptors in the nasal cavity. Once inhaled, odor molecules bind to specific receptors, which then transmit signals to the brain's olfactory bulb for processing. Different smells can activate various receptor combinations, allowing humans to detect and differentiate hundreds of scents. Factors such as concentration of odor molecules and individual genetic variations further influence how smells are perceived by different people.
The Emotional Connection of Smell
The sense of smell is deeply intertwined with memory and emotion, often acting as a powerful trigger for recollections from the past. Research indicates that smells can evoke more intense and emotional memories compared to visual or auditory cues. This phenomenon may be attributed to the close connection in the brain between olfactory processing and memory formation. Additionally, individual experiences and genetic factors can determine personal aversions or preferences for certain odors, shaping the subjective experience of smell.
It’s commonly thought that when compared to other members of the animal kingdom we humans have a particularly poor sense of smell. But this couldn’t be further from the truth. Modern research has proven that human beings are surprisingly sophisticated sniffers, at least on par with the vast majority of other animals.
In this episode, we catch up with Prof Jonas Olofsson, a psychologist based at Stockholm University, to talk about his latest book The Forgotten Sense – The New Science of Smell.
He explains what happens when odour molecules enter our nasal passages and are processed by our brains, tells us how our sense of smell is intimately linked to our memories and emotions and answers the question that has been debated across countless dinner tables all over the world: can some people really identify wines just by smelling them?