Melvyn Bragg, an expert in rhetoric and philosophy, discusses the development and impact of rhetoric throughout history. The conversation delves into contrasting views on rhetoric by philosophers like Gorgias and Plato, its evolution from Hellenistic to Renaissance periods, and the role of rhetoric in governance and decision-making. The podcast also explores the contrasting rhetorical styles of Hitler and Churchill, highlighting the power and influence of rhetoric in shaping messages and controlling crowds.
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Quick takeaways
Rhetoric evolved from a political tool to an educational model focusing on moral character.
Rhetoric's impact on politics highlights the importance of scrutinizing speeches to uphold democratic values.
Deep dives
Evolution of Rhetoric in Education and Society
Rhetoric, as discussed in the podcast, has evolved over time from being a crucial educational tool preparing individuals for public life in ancient Rome, particularly emphasized post-Cicero. It transitioned into an educational model, focusing on developing moral character and enhancing personal virtues rather than solely for political purposes. Gradually, rhetoric began to be associated with how language arts contributed to shaping individuals as better citizens.
Shifts in Perception of Rhetoric in Different Centuries
Throughout various centuries, the perception of rhetoric has fluctuated significantly. In the 19th century, there was a notable suspicion towards rhetoric, marked by attacks from science and political uses of oratory. Moreover, within the educational framework, rhetoric faced skepticism for being perceived as mere clever language devoid of substance. This shifting attitude towards rhetoric led to divided opinions on its value and efficacy in conveying truth.
Impact of Rhetoric on Politics and Society
Rhetoric's influence on politics and society is evident through its ongoing adaptation to modern contexts, such as the age of TV soundbites. While certain figures like Churchill exemplify the classic use of rhetoric to inspire and defend truth, others like Hitler showcase its darker side, exploiting pathos to sway masses without a solid foundation in truth. The interplay between rhetoric and democracy underscores the importance of understanding and scrutinizing speeches to prevent deception and uphold democratic values.
Melvyn Bragg and guests discusses rhetoric. Gorgias, the great sophist philosopher and master of rhetoric said, "Speech is a powerful lord that with the smallest and most invisible body accomplished most godlike works. It can banish fear and remove grief, and instil pleasure and enhance pity. Divine sweetness transmitted through words is inductive of pleasure and reductive of pain". But for Plato it was a vice, and those like Gorgias who taught rhetoric were teaching the skills of lying in return for money and were a great danger. He warned "this device - be it which it may, art or mere artless empirical knack - must not, if we can help it, strike root in our society".But strike root it did, and there is a rich tradition of philosophers and theologians who have attempted to make sense of it.How did the art of rhetoric develop? What part has it played in philosophy and literature? And does it still deserve the health warning applied so unambiguously by Plato?With Angie Hobbs, Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Warwick; Thomas Healy, Professor of Renaissance Studies at Birkbeck College, University of London; Ceri Sullivan, Senior Lecturer in English at the University of Wales, Bangor.
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