Discover the unintended consequences of incentives and how they can lead to negative behaviors. Learn about examples like the window tax in 17th century England and poorly thought-out government incentives. Explore the impact of incentives on consumer behavior, using examples like airline miles and Blockbuster's failure. Reflect on the downfall of Blockbuster and the importance of building better incentives. Understand the effects of incentives on behavior, from comparing taxi drivers' pay structures to discussing fines for late daycare pick-ups.
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Quick takeaways
Poorly designed incentives can lead to unintended consequences, such as fragmented artifacts and blocked windows.
A/B testing is crucial in creating effective incentives, as it helps understand the consequences before implementation on a larger scale.
Deep dives
The Pitfalls of Incentives
Incentives often fail to produce the desired outcomes and can lead to unintended consequences. An example from China's paleontologists in the 19th century demonstrates how incentivizing peasants to find fossils resulted in fragmented artifacts with decreased scientific value. Similarly, poorly designed tax incentives in London and the Netherlands led to blocked windows and skinny houses respectively. These examples highlight the need for carefully considering the potential negative effects of incentives.
The Importance of AV Testing Incentives
To create effective incentives, A/B testing is crucial. This approach involves introducing incentives to a small group and comparing their behavior with a control group that doesn't receive incentives. For instance, a study on Chilean bus drivers showed that those incentivized by the number of passengers they carried drove faster, but also had more accidents. A/B testing allows for a better understanding of the consequences of incentives before implementing them on a larger scale.
Good Incentives: The Power of Airlines' Frequent Flyer Programs
A well-known example of a successful incentive is airline miles. By offering customers loyalty program benefits based on miles flown, airlines create a dynamic where the person making the flight choice enjoys the incentives rather than the person buying the ticket. This clever design keeps customers loyal and influences their behavior by balancing economic efficiency with psychological rewards.
Ever wondered why the houses are so thin in Amsterdam? Or why there are boarded up windows in London? Or why most daycare centres don't charge a late pick up fee? Well it's all to do with (bad) incentives. Hear the world's incentive expert Uri Gneezy explain all in the latest episode of Nudge.