#250 - Parfit: A Dialogue with David Edmonds

In 'A Theory of Justice,' John Rawls develops a moral theory of justice as fairness, which is an alternative to utilitarianism. The theory is based on the social contract approach and uses the concept of the original position and the veil of ignorance to derive two principles of justice. The first principle, the greatest equal liberty principle, ensures that each person has an equal right to the most extensive total system of equal basic liberties compatible with a similar system of liberty for all. The second principle, which includes the difference principle and the equal opportunity principle, states that social and economic inequalities are to be arranged so that they are to the greatest benefit of the least advantaged and attached to offices and positions open to all under conditions of fair equality of opportunity. Rawls's theory aims to reconcile liberty and equality in a well-ordered society.

This biography by David Edmonds delves into the life of Derek Parfit, a renowned moral philosopher who dedicated himself to rescuing morality from nihilism. Parfit's ideas have profoundly influenced modern moral concerns, including long-termism and altruism. The book provides an engaging and accessible introduction to Parfit's philosophical contributions and his eccentric yet dedicated life.

Derek Parfit's "Reasons and Persons" is a landmark work in contemporary philosophy, profoundly impacting discussions on personal identity, ethics, and rationality. Parfit challenges traditional notions of the self, arguing that our sense of personal identity is less coherent than we assume. He explores the implications of this for our moral obligations, particularly concerning future generations. The book delves into the complexities of decision-making under uncertainty, examining how we should weigh our present interests against the potential consequences of our actions for the future. Parfit's rigorous analysis and thought-provoking arguments have had a lasting influence on various fields, including ethics, political philosophy, and decision theory. His work continues to stimulate debate and inspire new research.

David Edmonds and John Eidinow's "Wittgenstein's Poker" recounts the famous encounter between Karl Popper and Ludwig Wittgenstein, two giants of 20th-century philosophy. The book vividly portrays the clash of personalities and philosophical viewpoints between these two influential thinkers. It explores their contrasting approaches to philosophy, highlighting their different methods and beliefs. The authors use a combination of historical accounts and philosophical analysis to provide a fascinating insight into the lives and work of Popper and Wittgenstein. The book offers a unique perspective on the development of 20th-century philosophy and the enduring influence of these two remarkable figures.