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Antifragility Versus Robustness
- Antifragile systems improve from stress and have upside from volatility.
- Fragile things only suffer; robustness merely resists harm without gaining from shocks.
Stress Is Necessary For Living Systems
- Living systems need stress to communicate with the environment and improve.
- Removing stress (e.g., spaceflight bone loss) leads to decay, not health.
Short-Term Fixes Create Long-Term Fragility
- Suppressing small disturbances builds hidden fragility that later causes catastrophic failures.
- Continuous firefighting or bailouts accumulate fuel until a massive disaster occurs.