Join Joanna Kavenna as she hosts a thought-provoking discussion with Frank Furedi, an expert in risk and sociology, John Vervaeke, a renowned psychology professor, and Isabel Millar, a specialist in philosophy and psychoanalysis. They explore the paradoxes of self-knowledge, debating whether self-reflection is inherently beneficial or potentially harmful. The conversation delves into the impacts of modern individualism, the relationship between language and identity, and the balance of free will in a tech-dominated society, challenging viewers to rethink their understanding of the self.
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insights INSIGHT
Self-Exploration vs. Commodified Self-Knowledge
Self-exploration is crucial for exercising human subjectivity and transcending immediate experiences.
However, commodified self-knowledge and obsession with identity can be disorienting.
question_answer ANECDOTE
Goethe's Werther: A Cautionary Tale
Goethe's The Sorrows of Young Werther features a character whose excessive self-reflection leads to suicide.
This highlights the potential dangers of unchecked introspection.
insights INSIGHT
Three Dimensions of Self
The self has three dimensions: bodily, relational, and reflective.
Relational interactions, like feedback from friends, offer valuable self-insights.
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The book details Zarathustra's descent from his mountain solitude to share his transformative ideas about humanity and existence. Nietzsche explores themes such as the rejection of traditional moral values, individualism, and the concept of the Overman. Zarathustra's interactions with various characters reveal his struggle to articulate his vision and confront prevailing societal values. The book also delves into the existential test of the eternal recurrence of the same and the importance of self-overcoming and personal transformation[2][4][5].
Civilization and its discontents
Sigmund Freud
Sigmund Freud's "Civilization and Its Discontents" delves into the inherent conflict between individual desires and societal demands. Freud explores the tension between the pleasure principle and the reality principle, arguing that civilization's restrictions on instinctual gratification lead to widespread unhappiness. He examines the role of aggression and the development of the superego in shaping human behavior. The book also touches upon the influence of religion and the search for meaning in human life. Ultimately, Freud suggests that a degree of discontent is inevitable in a civilized society.
1984
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George Orwell
Published in 1949, '1984' is a cautionary tale by George Orwell that explores the dangers of totalitarianism. The novel is set in a dystopian future where the world is divided into three super-states, with the protagonist Winston Smith living in Oceania, ruled by the mysterious and omnipotent leader Big Brother. Winston works at the Ministry of Truth, where he rewrites historical records to conform to the Party's ever-changing narrative. He begins an illicit love affair with Julia and starts to rebel against the Party, but they are eventually caught and subjected to brutal torture and indoctrination. The novel highlights themes of government surveillance, manipulation of language and history, and the suppression of individual freedom and independent thought.
In search of oneself
Should we see self-knowledge as an aim not only misguided, but actively dangerous? Is self-knowledge in fact impossible for as Nietzsche argued we have to use the self to uncover the self? Or is self-reflection a vital and rewarding activity that uncovers meaning and improves our ability to act well in the world?
Joanna Kavenna hosts this debate on how our contemporary culture is influenced, shaped and potentially misinformed by our most recent self-help culture. Joining her are Frank Furedi, an emeritus professor of sociology at the University of Kent, John Vervaeke, an award-winning professor of psychology at the University of Toronto, and Isabel Millar, an associate resercher at Newcastle University.
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Philosophy For Our Times 
