Dr. James McGough, an expert in ADHD, joins Dr. Feigenbaum to discuss diagnosis, treatment, and ADHD in sport. They cover the scope of psychiatry, the characteristics and impairment of ADHD, and the benefits of exercise and medication for ADHD. Dr. McGough also shares insights from his book on ADHD.
Stimulant medications are the most effective treatment for ADHD, providing significant symptom improvement for about 70% of individuals.
Engaging in regular physical activity aligned with current guidelines is recommended to promote health and potentially benefit ADHD symptoms.
Deep dives
ADHD: Understanding the Condition
ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a brain-based neurodevelopmental disorder that affects about 10% of school-age children and 4-5% of adults worldwide. The condition is characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that exceed what is considered normal for an individual's age. Diagnosis involves a thorough assessment that considers symptoms, impairment, and potential comorbidities. Treatment options include psychoeducation, parent management skills, school accommodations, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and medication. Stimulant medications are often prescribed and are the most effective, providing significant symptom improvement for about 70% of individuals. Other non-stimulant medications may be used if stimulants are ineffective. It is important to note that the misuse and abuse of ADHD medications for performance enhancement is a concern, and athletes should follow the rules and regulations set by their respective sporting organizations.
Exercise and ADHD
Increased levels of physical activity have been associated with improved symptoms and cognitive function in individuals with ADHD. Engaging in regular physical activity aligned with current guidelines is recommended to promote health and potentially benefit ADHD symptoms. Exercise has been shown to be safe in individuals taking ADHD medications, and individuals with ADHD should aim to meet or exceed current physical activity recommendations. However, there is limited evidence on the specific impact of exercise on the efficacy of ADHD medications. It is important for individuals with ADHD to consult with their healthcare provider and follow the proper procedures for obtaining therapeutic use exemptions if participating in sports governed by drug testing organizations.
Recreational Use and Misuse of ADHD Medications
Recreational use and misuse of ADHD medications, such as stimulants like Adderall, is a concern. While these medications can enhance wakefulness and attention in the short term, their use for performance enhancement in non-medical settings is not recommended due to potential risks and side effects. Misuse involves using medications that are not prescribed or using them for non-therapeutic purposes. It is important to prioritize the proper diagnosis and treatment of ADHD and to discourage the misuse and abuse of these medications. Athletes and individuals in competitive settings should familiarize themselves with anti-doping regulations and obtain therapeutic use exemptions when necessary.
ADHD and Nutrition
There is limited evidence to support specific nutritional approaches or elimination diets as effective treatments for ADHD. While maintaining a healthy, balanced diet is important for overall well-being, there is no specific dietary intervention that has been proven to consistently improve ADHD symptoms. It is recommended to have a varied diet, prioritize good nutrition, and avoid extreme or restrictive diets. Psychoeducation about healthy eating habits, portion control, and making good food choices should be part of the overall management of ADHD.
On this week's podcast, Dr. Feigenbaum is joined by Dr. James McGough a psychiatrist and expert in ADHD for a discussion about diagnosis, treatment, and ADHD in sport.
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