James Barr, a historian specializing in the Middle East and currently researching regional conflicts, navigates the rich tapestry of Syria's history. He explores ancient legacies from the Pharaohs to 7th-century Arab conquests and their impact on modern Arab identity. The conversation delves into the complexities of Syria's colonial past under the French mandate, the rise of insurgencies, and the tumultuous relationship with Nasser during the Cold War. Barr also sheds light on the Assad regime's oppressive tactics and the broader geopolitical ramifications that continue to influence the region.