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Attachment theory, developed by John Bowlby, explains how the emotional bonds formed in early childhood with primary caregivers influence adult relationships. Bowlby discovered that children's anxiety during separation was tied to these emotional bonds rather than just basic needs like nourishment. This understanding paved the way for further research into different attachment styles, which Mary Ainsworth later categorized. These styles—secure, anxious, avoidant, and disorganized—highlight varying behaviors and emotional responses in adults based on their childhood experiences.