How China Might View a Second Trump Administration: A Conversation with Mr. Rick Waters
Nov 8, 2024
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Rick Waters, Managing Director at Eurasia Group's China practice and former U.S. State Department China policy official, shares insights on China's perspective of a potential second Trump administration. He discusses how China viewed the first term as two phases—initially transactional, later marked by tension over COVID-19. Waters highlights China's anticipation of U.S. moves and assesses implications of Republican dominance in Congress. He also explores the evolving geopolitical landscape involving Taiwan, North Korea, and NATO's presence in the Indo-Pacific.
China's perception of the Trump administration evolved from focusing on transactional trade deals to recognizing a unified ideological stance against it post-COVID-19.
Beijing is cautiously observing the U.S. political landscape, anticipating whether the Trump administration will engage in bargaining or further unilateral decoupling.
Deep dives
Initial Relations and Strategic Management
China's initial approach towards the Trump administration was characterized by a desire to establish a direct communication channel. Following Trump's election, Chinese leaders quickly reached out with protocol greetings and emissaries to gauge the administration's intentions. This method of top-down management by Xi Jinping underscored China's disciplined strategy, highlighting that relations were streamlined to higher-level engagements rather than grassroots diplomacy. The relationship faced significant turbulence after a phone call between Trump and the Taiwanese president, which complicated U.S.-China relations from the onset of Trump’s presidency.
Evolving Perspective on U.S.-China Relations
Throughout Trump's first term, China's assessment of his administration transitioned from viewing it as transactional to recognizing more ideological undercurrents, especially after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Initially, Beijing perceived Trump’s administration as interested in negotiating favorable trade deals, particularly during the earlier days of his presidency. However, as U.S.-China relations deteriorated, marked by tariff escalations and intensified rhetoric, China began to see a consensus in U.S. politics regarding its approach towards China, regardless of which party was in power. This realization prompted Chinese strategists to recalibrate their expectations and assess a more unified U.S. stance against China that extended beyond mere economic negotiations.
Concerns Rising Amid Escalating Tensions
China's unease about U.S. intentions peaked during the escalation of the trade war in 2018, which led to heightened anxieties within the Chinese leadership. Key visits, such as Trump's state visit to China, initially seemed to cement a better understanding between the two nations, but the rapid shift towards tariffs caught Beijing off guard. The tension was further compounded by increasingly aggressive U.S. policy actions, including the detention of Huawei's CFO, which eroded any remaining trust. By the end of 2018, the prospect of a stable, transactional relationship significantly diminished as underlying tensions transformed the dialogue into a landscape fraught with mutual distrust.
Expectations for a Second Trump Administration
As the possibility of Trump's second term looms, China grapples with an uncertain future regarding U.S. policy directions and intentions. Observations that Trump's administration could either pursue a new trade deal or adopt a strategy of unilateral decoupling create a complex dynamic, leading to broader internal Chinese debates on how to respond. The Chinese leadership appears to be cautious yet reactive, waiting to ascertain the nature of initial moves by the Trump administration before formulating a defensive strategy. This speculation forms part of a wider narrative in China, where balancing national interests and external pressures remains paramount amidst an evolving global political landscape.
In this episode of the ChinaPower Podcast, Mr. Rick Waters joins us to discuss what the recent U.S. presidential election results mean for China. Mr. Waters shares that China viewed President Trump’s first term as largely divided into two different phases, a more transactional phase in the first half of the administration and a second phase shaped by U.S. anger at China over Covid-19. Mr. Waters also explains that during the recent U.S. presidential election, Chinese scholars did not see large strategic differences between the Trump and Harris campaigns regarding China, and instead saw the differences as mainly tactical. Similarly, he speaks to China’s view that changes in which party controls the U.S. Congress will not cause significant changes in the overall U.S. trajectory on China, as both U.S. parties are increasingly concerned about the challenges and threats China poses. However, he notes Beijing may be concerned that a Republican dominated House and Senate may lead to the end of Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR) with China. Mr. Waters also speaks to how China may approach the new Trump administration and assesses that China is waiting to see the first moves from the United States and whether those signal that Trump is willing to bargain with Xi or if the United States will take a greater turn towards unilateral decoupling. Finally, Mr. Waters speaks to possibility of NATO expanding into the Indo-Pacific and the growing ties between Pyongyang and Moscow, and what these changing geopolitics will mean for the future of the US-China relationship.
Rick Waters is the managing director of Eurasia Group's China practice. Drawing on his decades of experience in the US foreign service, Rick leads the firm's China expertise and client offerings. His research interests include China's global and regional diplomacy, US-China relations, and China's domestic political economy. Rick joined Eurasia Group after a 27-year career as the US State Department's top China policy official, overseeing the creation of the Office of China Coordination, informally known as the China House, and concurrently serving as deputy assistant secretary of state for China and Taiwan. Rick also held multiple roles at the US embassy in Beijing—including during the period between the accidental US bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade in 1999 and the Hainan Island incident in 2001.
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