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Succession Crisis Sparked By Conflicting Promises
- Edward the Confessor promised the throne to William but Godwin's powerful family returned to England and Harold Godwinson seized power when Edward died.
- This dispute over promises and proximity sparked the 1066 succession crisis leading to invasion.
Harold's Oath In Normandy
- Harold reportedly swore a sacred oath to William while visiting Normandy, binding him on holy relics and breaking it later by taking the crown.
- William appealed to the Pope, won papal support, and used it to justify his invasion of England.
Tostig's Revenge And Stamford Bridge
- In May 1066 Tostig invaded England but was defeated by Harold; later Tostig allied with Harald Hardrada of Norway for a larger invasion.
- Harold rushed north, surprised the Vikings at Stamford Bridge, and won while Tostig and Hardrada were killed.