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Gallstones are often asymptomatic, with no symptoms present in 80% of cases. However, when symptoms do occur, individuals may experience a sensation of fullness or tightness underneath the right rib cage, pain in the right rhomboid muscle or face, nausea, vomiting, bloating, belching, jaundice, dark urine, and pale stools. Jaundice occurs when gallstones block the bowel duct, causing a buildup of bile in the liver, which leads to the yellowing of the skin. Risk factors for developing gallstones include a lack of bile salts, high cholesterol levels, high estrogen levels (associated with pregnancy and birth control pills), obesity, type 2 diabetes, liver disease, constipation, low folate levels, statin drug use, PPI usage, and high or low carbohydrate diets.