Claudia Sahm, chief economist at New Century Advisors and creator of the Sahm Rule, delves into the nuances of this economic indicator, known for predicting recessions based on unemployment rates. She discusses the current economic climate, examining why rising unemployment could signal a recession, but warns that the unique circumstances might render traditional metrics misleading. Sahm emphasizes the need for the Federal Reserve to remain vigilant, regardless of the recession debate, as labor market dynamics shift and demand fluctuates.
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Quick takeaways
Claudia Sahm highlights that the Sahm Rule may not be as reliable in the current economic cycle due to unique pandemic-related shifts.
Policymakers must carefully analyze the labor market dynamics before making decisions, as rising unemployment might not directly indicate recession risks.
Deep dives
Understanding the Sommer Rule
The Sommer Rule serves as an indicator for initiating fiscal relief during economic downturns by determining that a recession is likely when the unemployment rate exceeds a certain threshold. Specifically, it triggers when the three-month moving average of unemployment rises 0.5% above its lowest point in the previous year. The formula's simplicity aims to provide quick guidance for policy actions such as stimulus measures. However, while the rule outlines a historical pattern, its rigid structure may overlook subtle shifts in the economic landscape that could inform a more accurate analysis.
Labor Market Dynamics and Policy Implications
Currently, the labor market displays concerning signs, such as a slowdown in hiring rates, indicating weakening demand for labor despite the absence of mass layoffs. The complexity of this situation arises from recent shifts influenced by the pandemic, where a surge in labor supply mixed with changes in hiring practices complicate traditional interpretations of unemployment data. This interplay necessitates a careful examination by policymakers, who may need to consider cutting interest rates as a countercyclical measure to stimulate demand. Therefore, analyzing the reasons behind rising unemployment becomes essential in determining appropriate fiscal or monetary responses.
Navigating the Current Economic Landscape
The discussion surrounding the Sommer Rule highlights the unique challenges present in the current economic environment, particularly as it relates to labor supply and demand. An influx of workers re-entered the labor force post-pandemic, leading to increased unemployment rates that may not necessarily indicate immediate recession conditions. Despite signs of economic stability marked by consumer spending and income levels remaining sound, uncertainties persist regarding the potential for recession. The prevailing sentiment warns against premature conclusions while emphasizing the importance of ongoing observations and responses from policymakers to maintain economic health.
The Federal Reserve appears to be ready to pivot into rate cutting mode. Inflation has come down significantly, and the unemployment rate has been trending upward for most of the year. In fact, in the most recent Non-Farm Payrolls report, the headline unemployment rate of 4.3% triggered the so-called "Sahm Rule," which has been a historically reliable signal that the US is already in a recession. So are we in a recession? Could the rule be wrong this time due the unique features of this economic cycle? How should the Fed weigh the risks that we see in front of us? On this episode of Lots More, we speak with the rule's creator, Clauda Sahm, Bloomberg Opinion contributor and the chief economist at New Century Advisors. She explains why the signal this time could be misleading, but also why — regardless of whether we're in a recession or not — the Fed must be on guard for a weakening labor market.