Europe Reacts to Trump’s Victory, With Liana Fix and Matthias Matthijs (Transition 2025, Episode 4)
Nov 26, 2024
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Liana Fix, a CFR fellow focusing on European security and transatlantic relations, and Matthias Matthijs, a senior fellow specializing in Europe’s political economy, join James M. Lindsay to unpack Europe's strategy for a potential second Trump administration. They discuss how political turmoil in Germany could reshape EU relations and the pressures of trade policies and defense spending. The conversation also touches on the EU's digital regulations amid U.S. tensions and the growing perception of China as a security threat, influencing European economic strategies.
European governments are grappling with a leadership void and differing defense spending priorities as they prepare for a potential Trump presidency.
Eastern European nations view a Trump administration as an opportunity to strengthen their positions, while Western countries face economic constraints.
Deep dives
Europe's Response to Trump's Victory
The reaction to Donald Trump's election victory has been mixed across Europe, with many nations expressing surprise and concern. In Germany, the government collapse directly after the election has created a leadership void, complicating how the country angles for influence within the European Union. Many Europeans had wished for a different outcome, as a significant majority preferred Kamala Harris over Trump, highlighting a disconnect between polling expectations and reality. Without strong leadership in both Germany and France, European nations face challenges in formulating cohesive strategies to address potential issues arising under Trump's administration.
Shifts in Central European Politics
In Central Europe, leaders like Viktor Orban in Hungary see an opportunity with a Trump presidency to strengthen their positions despite facing external criticism of their governance styles. Poland is also optimistic, having historically fostered a favorable relationship with Trump, which they hope to maintain under new political circumstances. Even with potential changes in leadership, countries like Poland are looking to utilize old ties to the Trump administration to bolster their national interests. Ukraine expresses hope that Trump may offer more support against Russian aggression than the current U.S. administration has provided.
Complexities of U.S.-European Economic Relations
The relationship between the U.S. and Europe on economic issues is expected to become contentious, especially regarding defense spending and trade policies. Europe's readiness for Trump's expected demands, particularly related to an increase in defense spending and potential tariffs, appears lacking. The dichotomy in Europe's response — with Eastern nations pushing for more defense spending while Western countries struggle with economic constraints — complicates a unified approach. The challenge will lie in harmonizing these differing perspectives while addressing Trump's transactional style of diplomacy.
Navigating the Future of the Transatlantic Alliance
The future of the transatlantic partnership is uncertain as both the U.S. and European nations wrestle with shifting geopolitical landscapes. European leaders face pressing decisions on how to maintain unity amidst Trump’s starkly different foreign policy approaches, especially concerning China and its impact on security. This requires a reevaluation of how Europe positions itself economically and politically in relation to the U.S. Moving forward, the transatlantic alliance must adapt to new realities to remain relevant, necessitating creative and effective negotiations on shared interests.
Liana Fix, a fellow for Europe at CFR and adjunct professor at Georgetown University, and Matthias Matthijs, a senior fellow for Europe at CFR and associate professor of international political economy at Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies, sit down with James M. Lindsay to discuss how governments across Europe are preparing for a second Trump administration. This episode is the fourth in a special TPI series on the U.S. 2025 presidential transition and is supported by the Carnegie Corporation of New York.