The double agent who introduced Japan to the West

The book, also known as *Il Milione* or *Book of the Marvels of the World*, describes Marco Polo's travels from Venice to China and his time serving Kublai Khan. It provides a comprehensive look into the culture, politics, and geography of the Eastern world during the 13th century. The narrative includes descriptions of various regions such as China, India, Japan, and Southeast Asia, and offers insights into the Mongol Empire and its operations. The book was written by Rustichello da Pisa based on Marco Polo's accounts while they were imprisoned together in Genoa.

Written in 1946, 'The Chrysanthemum and the Sword' is a seminal work by Ruth Benedict that explores the political, religious, and economic life of Japan. The book was commissioned by the US Office of War Information to provide insights into Japanese culture and mentality, particularly in the context of the impending occupation of Japan. Benedict, who had never visited Japan and did not speak the language, relied on secondary literature, pre-war films, and interviews with Japanese prisoners of war and immigrants. The book delves into key concepts such as obligation, debt, duty, and shame, which Benedict argued were central to Japanese societal norms. It also discusses the distinction between shame cultures and guilt cultures and provides an analysis of historical and cultural contexts that shaped Japanese society. Despite its limitations and criticisms, the book remains a significant work in understanding Japanese culture and its differences from Western cultures.