273 | Stefanos Geroulanos on the Invention of Prehistory
Apr 22, 2024
01:19:24
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Author Stefanos Geroulanos discusses 'The Invention of Prehistory,' exploring how scientific narratives about prehistoric humans are shaped by cultural and political motives. The podcast delves into the evolution of prehistory theories, historical biases, interdisciplinary collaborations, and controversies in human origins, highlighting the complexities and societal implications of studying our past.
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Quick takeaways
Historical narratives can be weaponized for political agendas, as seen in the misuse of prehistoric studies during the rise of Nazism.
The ethical implications of historical discourses are underscored by the responsibility of researchers to consider potential misappropriation for oppressive agendas.
Separating past societies from current values is crucial in narrating human prehistory to avoid biased or romanticized interpretations.
Deep dives
Evolution of Prehistoric Discourse
In the discussion of prehistoric times, there was a progression from religious and mythical narratives to more scientific and evidence-based theories. The 19th century saw debates on the origin of humanity, with ideas ranging from origins in Asia to linguistic origins rooted in Indo-European languages. Archaeology, anthropology, and paleontology all contributed to shaping the understanding of prehistory, with various scientific disciplines offering different perspectives that sometimes complemented and other times conflicted with each other.
Influence on Racial Ideologies
The study of prehistory played a significant role in shaping racial ideologies, especially during the rise of Nazism and eugenics. The exploitation of prehistoric narratives as a tool for political propaganda and racial purity became increasingly prevalent during this time. Narratives of cultural creators versus destroyers, Aryans, and Jews were used to justify atrocities and discriminatory practices, demonstrating how historical interpretations could be weaponized for harmful political agendas.
Ethical Implications and Misuse of Historical Narratives
The misuse of historical narratives and interpretations for unethical and discriminatory purposes, as seen during the Nazi regime, highlights the ethical implications of historical discourses. Prehistoric studies were leveraged to propagate ideologies of racial superiority and justify heinous actions. This underscores the responsibility of researchers and scholars to critically consider the potential implications of their work and how historical narratives can be misappropriated for oppressive agendas.
Impact of Nazi Ideology on Scientists and Philosophers
The podcast examines how Nazi ideologies influenced scientists and philosophers during World War II. It highlights the disturbing trend of many professionals endorsing these dangerous ideas rather than challenging them. This reflects on the broader issue of how language and beliefs can be manipulated, leading individuals to support immoral theories like nationalism.
Telling the Correct Story of Human Prehistory
The episode delves into the complexity of narrating human prehistory. It emphasizes the importance of separating past societies from our current values and beliefs. By acknowledging biases and striving for a clear distinction between past and present, listeners are encouraged to view early humanity with a critical lens, avoiding romanticized or dramatized interpretations.
Humanity itself might be the hardest thing for scientists to study fairly and accurately. Not only do we come to the subject with certain inevitable preconceptions, but it's hard to resist the temptation to find scientific justifications for the stories we'd like to tell about ourselves. In his new book, The Invention of Prehistory, Stefanos Geroulanos looks at the ways that we have used -- and continue to use -- supposedly-scientific tales of prehistoric humanity to bolster whatever cultural, social, and political purposes we have at the moment.
Stefanos Geroulanos received his Ph.D. in humanities from Johns Hopkins. He is currently director of the Remarque Institute and a professor of history at New York University. He is the author and editor of a number of books on European intellectual history. He serves as a Co-Executive Editor of the Journal of the History of Ideas.