In this discussion, Karen Macours, an economist at the Paris School of Economics, sheds light on the detrimental effects of menstrual stigma on schoolgirls in Madagascar. She reveals how a groundbreaking program tackled this issue by encouraging open conversations about periods and empowering young girl leaders. The results showed a significant boost in mental health and graduation rates among participants. Macours emphasizes the importance of creating supportive school environments to enhance educational success and reduce anxiety for female students.
Addressing menstrual stigma through open discussions and training of peer leaders significantly improves mental health and educational outcomes for girls.
Implementing supportive hygiene education and infrastructure in schools fosters a collaborative environment that enhances students' learning experiences and reduces anxiety.
Deep dives
Understanding Menstrual Stigma
Menstrual stigma refers to the societal norms and attitudes that discourage open discussion about menstruation, leading to feelings of shame and exclusion for girls and women. This stigma can manifest in various ways, such as bullying in schools or feeling unable to communicate about menstrual issues even within families. In many communities, particularly in poorer regions like rural Madagascar, the taboo surrounding menstruation prevents girls from understanding their own bodies and leads to significant mental strain. The stigma not only hinders their academic performance but also diminishes their overall well-being, making it crucial to address this issue.
Educational Interventions in Madagascar
An innovative intervention developed by an NGO targeted menstruation-related challenges in schools by improving hygiene education and facilities. It involved training teachers, building infrastructure like latrines, and organizing competitions to promote hygiene. Although the program did not significantly reduce school absences, it notably improved educational quality, leading to a 10% increase in the pass rate for students. The intervention created a more supportive school atmosphere, fostering solidarity and reducing anxiety among students, which in turn enhanced their learning experience.
Empowering Young Female Leaders
A key component of the intervention involved identifying and training young girls deemed 'positive deviants,' who were encouraged to speak out about menstruation and educate their peers. This approach aimed to normalize discussions about menstruation and reduce stigma in school environments. The presence of these young leaders was shown to correlate with a stronger reduction in stigma and provided girls with greater social networks and support. Additionally, schools led by these girl leaders reported a decrease in early pregnancies, indicating their role not only empowered their peers but also benefited overall community health and education.
Recorded at the CEPR Paris Symposium. Everywhere in the world there is still a stigma around periods. That can lead to bullying or exclusion in schools. Girls are stressed, and that affects their ability to study. In Madagascar, an RCT set out to end the stigma by discussing menstruation openly and seeking out Young Girl Leaders who could help their peers understand what was happening, and why it shouldn’t be a source of embarrassment or shame. Karen Macours of the Paris School of Economics tells Tim Phillips about the extraordinary effect of the programme on mental health and graduation rates.
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