Jeffrey Rosen, President of the National Constitution Center, discusses the founders' view on self-government, the pursuit of happiness, and the importance of virtue for democracy. He explores stoicism, deep reading, and historical figures' advice on self-improvement.
Achieving self-mastery is essential for individual and collective flourishing.
Deep reading is promoted as an antidote to civic issues in the U.S.
Deep dives
Self-Governance and Virtue in the Founders' Vision
The founders of the United States believed that personal self-government was crucial to political self-government. They emphasized the need for citizens to achieve self-mastery and virtuous behavior in order to defend liberty, choose wise leaders, and avoid the dangers of demagoguery and selfishness. The pursuit of virtue and self-regulation was seen as fundamental to the success of a democratic republic, with the goal of aligning individual actions with reason and justice.
The Classical Notion of Freedom and Virtue
The classical tradition of freedom emphasized aligning personal actions with reason and divine harmony, rather than unregulated autonomy. Throughout the founding era, the concept of freedom was intertwined with the idea of self-regulation and the pursuit of virtue. The founders believed that true freedom lay in self-control and aligning individual actions with the greater good, reflecting a deeper understanding of freedom beyond mere political liberties.
Importance of Deep Reading and Education
In today's society, characterized by social media distractions and political polarization, the founders' emphasis on deep reading and civic education becomes increasingly relevant. Rediscovering the transformative power of deep reading in American history, philosophy, and politics is seen as essential for fostering virtuous self-regulation among citizens. By promoting habits of critical thinking and reflection through reading, there is hope for preserving democratic values and strengthening civic engagement.
Striving for Virtuous Self-Mastery Today
Amidst contemporary challenges in politics and society, the lessons derived from the founders' emphasis on moral formation and self-governance remain pertinent. Encouraging individuals to engage in daily self-examination, dialogue, and self-regulation can help cultivate moral character and civic responsibility. By aligning personal virtues with the broader ideals of liberty and justice, there is potential for fostering a society grounded in reason, virtue, and collective well-being.
“In many ways, we're living in the founders’ nightmare,” says Jeffrey Rosen, president of the National Constitution Center. “All of the founders thought that we could not govern ourselves as a democracy unless we first achieved self-government as individuals.”
For Independence Day, Rosen shares how the "pursuit of happiness" mentioned in the Declaration of Independence is defined differently than our contemporary notion of the word. It includes a life in pursuit of self-mastery as what would ensure our individual and collective flourishing. Jeffrey also discusses the goods of stoic philosophy and touts the practice of deep reading as a potential antidote to civic issues the U.S. is facing currently.
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