Molina and the Concept of Middle Knowledge

Luís de Molina's concept of middle knowledge is a pivotal idea that addresses the relationship between divine foreknowledge and human free will. This theory suggest that God possesses knowledge of all possible outcomes based on human choices, rather than knowing what will unavoidably happen. For instance, in scenarios where an individual might be tempted to sin, God knows what they would choose under those specific circumstances without causing that choice or making it necessary. Thus, Molina argues that human actions retain their contingent nature, allowing for genuine moral responsibility, which is essential for justice in divine reward and punishment.