Zosimus of Panopolis: A Historical Figure in Greco-Egyptian Alchemy

Zosimus of Panopolis, an alchemist in the Greco-Egyptian tradition, lived between the end of the third and the beginning of the fourth century. He was born in Panopolis, which is present-day Akhmin in Egypt. Zosimus is recognized as the first historical figure in Greco-Egyptian alchemy. He explored various aspects of alchemy, such as the transformation and transmutation of metals. One of his key ideas was the manipulation of spirits, or pinuma, in alchemical processes. Zosimus also emphasized the importance of understanding the natural procedures and techniques in alchemy, rather than relying on the influence of demons. His writings, including the dreams of Zosimus, provided insights into both the technical and spiritual aspects of alchemical practices.