Michael Pettis On China Exporting Of Debt, Class War And Role Of Chinese Yuan
Sep 18, 2020
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Michael Pettis, a widely followed China expert, discusses topics such as debt, savings rates, trade surpluses, and the role of the Chinese yuan. He explains how high savings rates in China lead to higher debt instead of growth. The podcast also covers the problem with official Chinese GDP data, the importance of the US dollar as a reserve currency, and the impact of income inequality on global trade.
China needs to address income inequality to strengthen consumption and rebalance its economy.
The dominant position of the US dollar as the reserve currency comes with significant costs for the US economy, leading to rising debt levels or increasing unemployment.
Deep dives
China's Growth Model and the Inevitable Adjustment
China's growth model, characterized by high savings and investment rates, has led to rapid economic growth. However, as the investment needs of the country have been met, the growth rate is expected to decline. China faces a choice between a debt crisis or decades of stagnation as it tries to rebalance its economy. A debt crisis is unlikely, given the ability to restructure liabilities, but slower growth is inevitable. Therefore, China needs to address income inequality, which weakens consumption and hinders investment. The country must decide between strengthening the export sector or promoting domestic consumption.
The Role of the Dollar and its Impact
The dominant position of the US dollar gives the country geopolitical power, but it also comes with significant costs for the US economy. The dollar's status as the dominant reserve currency means that the US relies on capital inflows to offset the excess savings. This reliance undermines the US economy by leading to rising debt levels or increasing unemployment. While the benefits of the dollar in terms of geopolitical power are evident, the long-term cost to the US economy should be carefully considered.
The Importance of Income Inequality and Trade Policy
Income inequality plays a crucial role in the global trading regime, reinforcing wealth disparities and weakening consumption. With countries competing by lowering wages, trade dynamics lead to a cycle of weak demand, exacerbating income inequality. To address this, policies should focus on raising consumption among the bottom half of the population through wage increases, social safety nets, and investments in productive infrastructure. Trade wars should not be seen as conflicts between nations, but as conflicts between economic sectors driven by income inequality.
Managing Content Inflow and Personal Productivity
To manage content inflow, it is important to allocate time for reading books, which provide valuable insights and historical context. Additionally, relying on a group of talented individuals, such as students, to assist with data collection and analysis can be helpful. Maintaining a focus on interesting and enjoyable work, along with good work habits, can contribute to personal productivity.
Michael Pettis is someone who I have followed closely over my career and he is one of the most widely followed China experts in the investor community. He is currently based in Beijing and is Professor of Finance at Guanghua School of Management at Peking University and is the co-author of the recently published book “Trade Wars Are Class Wars”. In this podcast we discuss:
How economists don’t understand debt
Understanding when high savings rates work for countries
How advanced economies investment needs changed since 1970s
How trade surplus countries like China and Germany suppress the household wages and income
Why China’s high savings rates will now only lead to higher debt, rather than growth
How Spanish workers are harder working than German workers
How the US and UK are forced recipients of excess savings
Why high debt levels lead to low rates
The problem with official Chinese GDP data
The importance of the US dollar as reserve currency