Catherine Loveday, Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience, explores our ability to mentally travel into the future, emphasizing its impact on identity and daily tasks. The panel discusses how future thinking motivates us and how professional athletes use visualization techniques to enhance performance. Insights into children's perceptions of time, the importance of optimism for mental health, and the challenges of New Year's resolutions are also examined, offering fresh strategies for goal-setting and personal growth.
Future thinking is a complex skill that influences personal motivation, goal setting, and our overall mental health, underscoring its importance in everyday life.
Visualization techniques can enhance our approach to future planning, but must be paired with actionable steps for effective goal achievement rather than mere manifestation.
Deep dives
Concepts of Future Thinking
The podcast emphasizes that thinking about the future is complex and varies among individuals, including children, who demonstrate different timeframes and concepts of what the future means to them. Some children view the future in very short timeframes, like seconds, while others envision it years ahead, indicating a subjective understanding of time. This reflects how cognitive development influences our ability to conceptualize future events, as children may struggle to pinpoint when the future actually begins. Adults, too, experience varying capabilities in future thinking, as memory issues or mental health conditions like anxiety can hinder their ability to imagine their future effectively.
Visualizing the Future
Imagining the future plays a crucial role in goal setting and personal motivation, with research indicating that we utilize the same brain regions for both future imagining and memory recall. Visualization techniques, often popularized in social media, have some merit; however, they must be combined with actionable steps to be effective. The idea of manifestation, where individuals simply visualize success without taking real steps toward it, is criticized as largely ineffective. Instead, it’s suggested that successful visualization includes tangible plans that incorporate detailed sensory imagery to enhance motivation and clarity toward the future.
Challenges of New Year's Resolutions
New Year's resolutions are critiqued for their tendency to fail, often due to an all-or-nothing mentality and unrealistic goal-setting. Common resolutions tend to be overly specific, leading individuals to quit when they encounter setbacks, hence a recommendation to adopt more flexible and learning-oriented goals instead. For instance, rather than committing to a daily step count, focusing on simply walking more often can create a more achievable and sustainable approach. This perspective encourages self-compassion and understanding that change can occur at any time of year, not just at the start of a new year.
Optimism and Mental Health
The podcast discusses the significance of optimism in mental health, revealing that people who can envision positive futures tend to experience better life outcomes. An optimism bias, common in the general population, influences our perceptions of future events, often leading us to underestimate challenges and overestimate positive experiences. However, a lack of positive future thinking is linked to increased rates of suicidal ideation, highlighting the importance of supporting those who may struggle with envisioning a hopeful future. Strategies such as cognitive behavioral therapy and implementation intentions, or if-then plans, can help individuals foster more positive future thoughts and set realistic goals.
In the second of two special holiday episodes Claudia Hammond and an expert panel of psychologists look to the future.
A new year is upon us, a time when we often find ourselves reflecting on the year gone by and thinking about what comes next. Thinking about the future comes so naturally to most people that we don't realise what a complicated - and essential - skill it is.
Catherine Loveday, Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience at the University of Westminster, explains how our ability to mentally time travel into the future is useful for everyday tasks as well as fundamental to shaping our identity.
Daryl O’Connor, Professor of Psychology at the University of Leeds, discusses how thinking about the future motivates us in the present.
And Peter Olusoga, Senior Lecturer in Psychology at Sheffield Hallam University, describes how professional sportspeople use visualisation and future thinking to improve sporting success - and what the rest of us can learn from that.
Together they discuss how we hold ideas of the future in mind, whether unbounded optimism is the best way ahead – or not, and how to science-proof our favourite future planning at this time of year - new year's resolutions.
If you are suffering distress or despair and need support, including urgent support, a list of organisations that can help is available at bbc.co.uk/actionline.
Presenter: Claudia Hammond
Producer: Lorna Stewart
Content Editor: Holly Squire
Studio Manager: Emma Harth
Production Co-ordinators: Siobhan Maguire and Andrew Rhys Lewis
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