Sir Andre Geim, Nobel Prize winner and co-discoverer of graphene, reflects on the journey of this revolutionary material from its simple discovery to its potential yet unrealized applications. He discusses graphene's promising uses in sports gear and construction, as well as innovations like graphene-enhanced wool insulation. Geim also addresses the balance between initial expectations and the modest pace of integration into everyday products, while sharing anecdotes about the excitement and skepticism surrounding graphene's commercial future.
Graphene's commercial potential remains largely unrealized two decades after its discovery, despite significant advancements in practical applications across various industries.
Collaboration between scientific advice and policy, as emphasized by Dame Angela McLean, is crucial for effective conservation efforts and biodiversity protection.
Deep dives
Biodiversity Conservation Efforts
Nations are currently engaging in discussions at COP16, focusing on the urgent need to protect biodiversity and reverse ongoing species loss by 2030. The UK, among the over 200 countries committed, is developing legislative frameworks such as the Environment Act to meet a target of protecting 30% of land and sea. Professor Dame Angela McLean emphasizes the importance of intertwining scientific advice with policy to create a collaborative effort in conservation that respects the connection between people and their natural surroundings. A key example is the Flow Country in northern Scotland, where local partnerships are being formed to guide sustainable conservation practices.
The Current State of Graphene
Graphene, celebrated for its remarkable properties, has been the subject of significant research since its isolation over 20 years ago. Despite the initial hype surrounding its potential applications in various industries, the material has yet to achieve widespread commercial revolutionary success. Current advancements include its integration into everyday products like footwear and construction materials, improving performance and sustainability. The ongoing research at institutions like the Graphene Engineering Innovation Centre aims to translate graphene's impressive qualities into practical applications, demonstrating that while progress has been made, its full potential is still being explored.
Planetary Defense Techniques Against Asteroids
Scientists are actively developing methods to protect Earth from potential asteroid threats, particularly focusing on relatively small space rocks which could cause significant destruction. The kinetic impactor technique, successfully tested by NASA's DART mission, involves crashing a spacecraft into an asteroid to alter its orbit. While this method shows promise, other strategies such as using nuclear devices to deflect or vaporize larger asteroids are being considered, albeit with caution to prevent fragmentation into hazardous debris. The European Space Agency's Hera mission will further investigate these asteroids to better understand potential threats and enhance planetary defense initiatives.
Twenty years ago this week two physicists at the University of Manchester published a ground-breaking paper describing the extraordinary qualities of graphene.
The thinnest and strongest material known to exist – and better at carrying electricity than any metal – its discovery was hailed as revolutionary.
But two decades on, it doesn’t seem to have changed the world, or if it has, it is doing so very quietly.
So, what happened?
We go on the trail of graphene, meeting Nobel Prize winner and Godfather of Graphene Andrew Geim, and learning what it has – and hasn’t – done and what might be next...
Also this week, how to kill an asteroid and we talk the “other” COP with chief scientific adviser to the government, Dame Angela McLean.
Presenter: Victoria Gill
Producers: Sophie Ormiston, Ella Hubber & Gerry Holt
Editor: Martin Smith
Production Co-ordinator: Jana Bennett-Holesworth
BBC Inside Science is produced in partnership with the Open University.
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