The Sack of Rome 1527

17 snips

Mar 21, 2024

Guest

Catherine Fletcher

Joining the discussion are Stephen Bowd, a Professor of Early Modern History, Jessica Goethals, an Associate Professor of Italian, and Catherine Fletcher, a Professor of History. They delve into the chaotic 1527 Sack of Rome, exploring the geopolitical ambitions behind it and the horrific consequences faced by its citizens. The conversation reveals the shocking complicity of locals in the looting and examines the devastating impact on artistic heritage. The guests also reflect on the broader cultural ramifications, including the suffering of the Jewish community during this tumultuous period.

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ANECDOTE

The Italian Wars

The Sack of Rome (1527) was part of a 30-year conflict between France and Spain for control of Italy.
Benvenuto Cellini, a goldsmith, described the time as "the whole world was now at war."

INSIGHT

Charles V's Role

Charles V was not only king of Spain but also the Holy Roman Emperor.
He was a pious man critical of Martin Luther and the Protestants.

INSIGHT

Motivations for War

Charles V's interest in Italy was driven by power, finances, religion, and prophecies of a universal Christian monarch.
Clement VII came from the Medici family, and he was interested in patronage and influence.

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Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the infamous assault of an army of the Holy Roman Emperor on the city of Rome in 1527. The troops soon broke through the walls of this holy city and, with their leader shot dead early on, they brought death and destruction to the city on an epic scale. Later writers compared it to the fall of Carthage or Jerusalem and soon the mass murder, torture, rape and looting were followed by disease which was worsened by starvation and opened graves. It has been called the end of the High Renaissance, a conflict between north and south, between Lutherans and Catholics, and a fulfilment of prophecy of divine vengeance and, perhaps more persuasively, a consequence of military leaders not feeding or paying their soldiers other than by looting.

With

Stephen Bowd Professor of Early Modern History at the University of Edinburgh

Jessica Goethals Associate Professor of Italian at the University of Alabama

And

Catherine Fletcher Professor of History at Manchester Metropolitan University

Producer: Simon Tillotson

Reading list:

Stephen Bowd, Renaissance Mass Murder: Civilians and Soldiers during the Italian Wars (Oxford University Press, 2018)

Benvenuto Cellini, Autobiography (Penguin Classics, 1999)

Benvenuto Cellini (trans. Julia Conaway Bondanella and Peter Bondanella), My Life (Oxford University Press, 2009)

André Chastel (trans. Beth Archer), The Sack of Rome 1527 (Princeton University Press, 1983

Catherine Fletcher, The Beauty and the Terror: An Alternative History of the Italian Renaissance (Bodley Head, 2020)

Kenneth Gouwens and Sheryl E. Reiss (eds), The Pontificate of Clement VII: History, Politics, Culture (Routledge, 2005)

Francesco Guicciardini (trans. Sidney Alexander), The History of Italy (first published 1561; Princeton University Press, 2020)

Luigi Guicciardini (trans. James H. McGregor), The Sack of Rome (first published 1537; Italica Press, 2008)

Judith Hook, The Sack of Rome (2nd edition, Palgrave Macmillan, 2004)

Geoffrey Parker, Emperor: A New Life of Charles V (Yale University Press, 2019)