Discussion on weakness of will and its relevance in modern ethics. Perspectives of Plato, Aristotle, and the Stoics. Preference for open display of flaws vs apology. Exploring the concept of weakness of will. Stoic perspective on desires and actions. Reflections on decision-making and the Stoic challenge. Understanding weakness of will and motivation. Weakness of will in relation to value judgments.
Weakness of will refers to the failure to act in accordance with one's recognized value or best course of action due to lack of motivation or temptation.
Plato viewed weakness of will as a conflict between different parts of the soul, while Aristotle emphasized the importance of feeling regret in weakness of will.
The Stoics argue that weakness of will is a false appearance caused by conflicting motivations and beliefs, and emphasize the need to understand one's judgments to act in accordance with what is genuinely believed to be best.
Deep dives
Paradigm shift in moral philosophy
The podcast episode discusses the paradigm shift in moral philosophy from focusing on 'what should I do' to 'why do I fail' or 'how do I become the kind of person that acts the way I should act'.
Weakness of will explained
Weakness of will, also known as incontinence, refers to the phenomenon when a person determines the best course of action, agrees that it is the right thing to do, but fails to act accordingly due to a lack of motivation or being tempted into an alternative course of action.
Plato, Aristotle, and Epictetus on weakness of will
Plato viewed weakness of will as a conflict between the rational, spirited, and appetitive parts of the soul, where one part overpowers the others. Aristotle contrasted weakness of will with intemperance, suggesting that feeling regret in weakness of will is preferable to lacking self-control entirely. Epictetus emphasized the role of weakly held beliefs and uncritical judgments as contributing factors in weakness of will.
Competing beliefs and regret
Sometimes we prefer consistency over apologies and recognition of wrongdoing because we suspect that when someone apologizes but still does the wrong thing, they may not be completely honest. We prefer certainty and find it uncertain to relate to someone who knows they're doing the wrong thing but continues to do it anyway. We would rather have someone regret their actions and show a willingness to change than someone who consistently displays their flaws. This preference extends to various relationships, such as friendships and parenting, where we hope that people will learn from their mistakes and make better choices in the future.
Stoic view on weakness of will
The Stoics present a controversial claim that weakness of will does not exist. They argue that weakness of will is impossible because motivation and recognition of value are intrinsically tied together at a pre-rational level. According to the Stoic view, if one genuinely recognizes that something is not good or does not bring happiness, they cannot feel motivation towards it. The Stoics believe that conflicting motivations and competing beliefs can give a false appearance of weakness of will, but in reality, a person is simply negotiating between different values. The Stoics emphasize the importance of understanding one's judgments and beliefs in order to act in accordance with what one genuinely believes is best, taking responsibility for their choices and motivations.
The ancient term for doing what you knew wasn’t best for was akrasia or weakness of will. Plato and Aristotle believed in it. The Stoics did not. What this means and why it matters for us today is the subject of this episode.
(01:04) What is Weakness of Will
(11:54) Plato on Weakness of Will
(22:22) Aristotle
(28:44) The Stoics
(36:31) The Early Stoic Solution
(41:27) Epictetus and Weak Beliefs
(49:14) Nonreflective Judgments
(53:18) Practical Upshot
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