176. Extinction | Will There Be Wild Things Out There?
Sep 5, 2024
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Kyle Harper, a faculty member at the University of Oklahoma and the Santa Fe Institute, joins birder Ryan Beebe to explore the intricacies of extinction. They discuss how human actions have contributed to the ongoing sixth mass extinction, drawing parallels with historical events. The conversation delves into the emotional impacts of extinction, questioning our moral responsibilities toward endangered species. They also highlight successful conservation efforts, such as the Kirtland's warbler recovery, emphasizing the need for a deeper understanding of biodiversity and the complex relationship between loss and renewal.
Human actions are significantly driving the current extinction crisis, with alarming rates of species loss surpassing natural rates of new species formation.
Conservation efforts, exemplified by the successful recovery of certain species like the Kirtland's warbler, highlight our role in protecting biodiversity.
Deep dives
Current Extinction Events and Human Impact
Extinction is now largely influenced by human actions, marking a shift from historical mass extinction events caused by natural phenomena like asteroids and volcanic eruptions. The ongoing sixth mass extinction is characterized by the significant loss of species directly tied to human activities, such as habitat destruction, overhunting, and pollution. Examples include the extinction of the passenger pigeon and the near extinction of whales due to hunting practices. This period, recognized as the Anthropocene, reflects how human behavior has altered biodiversity at an unprecedented scale.
The Role of Turtles and Elephants
Turtles, which have thrived for over 250 million years and survived three previous mass extinctions, illustrate the resilience of certain species amidst rising human threats. However, over a fourth of turtle species from the Pleistocene are now extinct, and a significant number remain threatened today, correlating closely with human expansion. Similarly, elephants, once abundant, faced drastic population decline as humans spread globally, contributing to the extinction of their larger relatives like the mammoth during the Quaternary megafaunal extinction. These examples highlight the precarious state of various species in relation to human activity and environmental changes.
Understanding Extinction Rates and Species Evaluation
The extinction rate of species currently exceeds the formation of new species, with estimates suggesting that around 1,000 species may be lost per million species each year. However, the actual total number of known species is still uncertain, complicating efforts to quantify extinction accurately. Efforts to categorize species and assess their conservation status show that while birds and mammals have comprehensive evaluations, many invertebrates lack sufficient data on their population health. This gap in knowledge underscores the difficulty in addressing biodiversity loss and recognizing the full impact of human activities on lesser-known species.
Conservation Efforts and Future Perspectives
Conservation strategies are essential to mitigate ongoing extinctions, targeting habitat preservation and connectivity as key approaches. Success stories, like the recovery of the Kirtland's warbler through habitat management and conservation policies, demonstrate the potential for positive outcomes when active measures are taken. The discussion surrounding the importance of protecting ecosystems highlights a growing recognition that not all species can thrive without human intervention. As biodiversity continues to decline, the focus on conservation becomes increasingly crucial, prompting reflection on our responsibilities as stewards of the planet.
We look to present times to see how extinctions are actually happening and what we know about them and we explore the work of biological conservation to protect species. Then we return to the question of how to feel about extinction, comparing modern day and historical extinctions and adding a few more layers to the question.
This is episode two of a three-part series.
About the series: Extinction might seem to be a pretty simple idea: a species goes out of existence. But a deeper exploration reveals all kinds of thorny questions. What is a species anyway? Is extinction a natural part of the development of life that leads to new life or is it something that should be mourned and stopped? What will happen to our own species? These are only a few of the questions we follow on a journey of creatures here and gone.
Learn more about the series and about our guests here.
Theme song and credits music by Breakmaster Cylinder. Other music in this episode by Remember the Future, Ricky Bombino, Northern Points, Simon Stevens, Oakvale of Albion, and Vesper Tapes, courtesy of Shutterstock, Inc.
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